Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/-tur

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Alternative forms

• *-tür
• *-t

Suffix

*-tur

1. Suffix creating transitive verbs.

   ‎*kül- (“to laugh”) + ‎*-tur → ‎*kültür- (“to make someone laugh”)

   ‎*öl- (“to die”) + ‎*-tur → ‎*öltür- (“to make someone die, to kill”)

2. Suffix creating causative verbs.

   ‎*yạŕ- (“to write”) + ‎*-tur → ‎*yạŕtur- (“to cause to write”)

   Synonyms: *-ür, *-gur

Usage notes

1. If the verb has more than one syllable, it takes the form -Ut.

   ‎*okï- (“to read”) + ‎*-tur → ‎*okït- (“to make someone read, to instruct something or someone”)

   ‎*öltür- (“to kill”) + ‎*-tur → ‎*öltürt- (“to get someone killed”)

1. However, if it is added to a verb that has already taken the -Ut form, it does not take the -Ut form a second time, it takes the -tUr form.

   ‎*okït- (“to instruct something or someone”) + ‎*-tur → ‎*okïttur- (“to cause to instruct something or someone”)

   ‎*öltürt- (“to get someone killed”) + ‎*-tur → ‎*öltürttür- (“to cause to get someone killed”)

Descendants

• Oghur:
  • Chuvash: -тер (-ter), -тар (-tar)
• Common Turkic:

• Oghuz:
  • Old Anatolian Turkish:
    • Ottoman Turkish:
      • Turkish: -tır, -tir, -tur, -tür, -dır, -dir, -dur, -dür
• Kipchak:
  • South Kipchak:
    • Caspian:
      • Kazakh: -тыр (-tyr), -тір (-tır), -дыр (-dyr), -дір (-dır)
  • Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
    • Kyrgyz: -тыр (-tır), -тир (-tir), -тур (-tur), -түр (-tür), -дыр (-dır), -дир (-dir), -дур (-dur), -дүр (-dür)
      • Southern Altai: -тыр (-tïr), -тир (-tir), -тур (-tur), -тӱр (-tür), -дыр (-dïr), -дир (-dir), -дур (-dur), -дӱр (-dür)
• Siberian:
  • North Siberian:
    • Yakut: -тар (-tar), -тэр (-ter), -тор (-tor), -төр (-tör), -дар (-dar), -дэр (-der), -дор (-dor), -дөр (-dör), -нар (-nar), -нэр (-ner), -нор (-nor), -нөр (-nör), -лар (-lar), -лэр (-ler), -лор (-lor), -лөр (-lör)