Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/emgek

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

From *emge- (“to suffer, be tortured”) +‎ *-k.

Noun

*emgek

1. bother, worry, pains

Declension

Declension of *emgek

	Singular 3)
Nominative	*emgek
Accusative	*emgekni, *emgekig 4), *emgeknig 1)
Genitive	*emgekniŋ
Dative	*emgekke
Locative	*emgekde
Ablative	*emgekden
Allative	*emgekgerü
Instrumental 2)	*emgekin
Equative 2)	*emgekče
Similative 2)	*emgekleyü
Comitative 2)	*emgekligü

¹⁾ Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
⁴⁾ Found in the Old Turkic era.

Derived terms

• *emgekle-

Related terms

• *emgen-

Descendants

• Oghur:
  • Chuvash: амак (amak, “illness”)
• Common Turkic:

• Proto-Oghuz:
  • West Oghuz:
    • Azerbaijani: əmək
    • Ottoman Turkish: امك (emek)
      • Turkish: emek (“work, labour”)
  • ⇒ Salar: ömüklegüsi
  • ⇒ Turkmen: emgenmek (“to work hard, to suffer”)
• Karluk:
  • Karakhanid: اَمْكَكْ (emgek)
    • Uyghur: ئەمگەك (emgek)
    • Uzbek: emgek
• Kipchak:
  • North Kipchak:
    • Bashkir: имгәк (imgək)
    • Tatar: имгәк (imgäk)
  • South Kipchak:
    • Kazakh: еңбек (eñbek)
  • East Kipchak:
    • Kyrgyz: эмгек (emgek)
    • Southern Altai: эмгек (emgek)
• Siberian:
  • Old Turkic:
    • Old Uyghur: [script needed] (emgek)
      • → Salar: eñgek
  • North Siberian:
    • Yakut: эмэх (emeq, “rotten”)

References

• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 159
• Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 42
• Sevortjan, E. V. (1974) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume 1, Moscow: Nauka, pages 272-275, 25-26
• Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*emge-”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎^[1], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill