Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kïr-

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Exists in almost every Turkic language. Sometimes compared to Proto-Mongolic *kira- (“to mince, cut small”), Proto-Tungusic *kire- (“to mince; to be broken off, break off; to gnaw”), also Proto-Japonic *kiru (“to cut”).

Verb

*kïr-

1. (transitive) to break, to demolish
2. (transitive) to scrape, to shave

Derived terms

• *kïr (noun)
• *kïrgak
• *kïrk- (“to shave”)
• *kïrmač (“whip, lash”)

Descendants

• →? Proto-Mongolic: *kira-
• →? Proto-Tungusic: *kire-
• →? Proto-Japonic: *kir-
  • Japanese: 切る
• Oghur:
  • Chuvash: хир (hir)
• Common Turkic: *kïr-

• Arghu:
  • Khalaj: qırmaq
  • ⇒ Khalaj: kïrruq- (“to be apathetic, sullen, depressed”)
• Oghuz:
  • Old Anatolian Turkish:
    • Azerbaijani: qırmaq
    • Ottoman Turkish: قرمق (qïrmaq)
      • Gagauz: kırmaa
      • Turkish: kırmak
  • Turkmen: gyrmak
  • Salar: qır
• Karluk:
  • Karakhanid: قِرْماقْ (qïrmaq)
    • Chagatai: قیرمق
      • Uzbek: qirmoq
      • Uyghur: قىرماق (qirmaq)
• Kipchak:
  • North Kipchak:
    • Bashkir: ҡырыу (qırıw)
    • Tatar: кыру (qıru)
  • West Kipchak:
    • Crimean Tatar: qırmaq
    • Kumyk: къырмакъ (qırmaq)
    • Karachay-Balkar: къырыргъа (qırırğa)
    • Karaim: [script needed] (qır-)
  • South Kipchak:
    • Caspian:
      • Karakalpak: қырыў
      • Kazakh: қыру (qyru)
      • Nogai: кырув (kıruv)
    • Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
      • Kyrgyz: кыруу (kıruu)
      • Southern Altai: кырар (kïrar)
      • Teleut кыр- (kïr-)
• Siberian:
  • North Siberian:
    • ⇒ Dolgan: кырый (“to shear, cut out”), ⇒? кыра (“small”)
    • Yakut:
      • ⇒ кырый (kırıy, “to shear, cut out”)
      • кырыы (kırıı, “side, border, edge”)
      • ⇒? кыра (kıra, “small”)
      • ⇒? кыырпах (kıırpaq, “crumb, fragment”)
  • South Siberian:
    • Sayan:
      • Tuvan: кырар (kırar)
      • ⇒ Tofa: [script needed] (ӄыъртыҷа-)
    • Yenisei:
      • Khakas: хырарға (xırarğa)
      • ⇒ Western Yugur: [script needed] (qʰïrq-, “to shave”)
      • Shor: [script needed] (qır-)

References

• Doerfer, Gerhard (1967) Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen [Turkic and Mongolian Elements in New Persian] (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur: Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission; 20)‎^[1] (in German), volume III, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, page 567
• Levitskaja, L. S., Dybo, A. V., Rassadin, V. I. (2000) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume VI, Moscow: Indrik, pages 227-229
• Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 265
• Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*Kɨr”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎^[2], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill