Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/köŕ

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Akin to *kör- (“to see”).

Noun

*köŕ

1. eye
2. sight

Declension

Declension of *köŕ

	Singular 3)
Nominative	*köŕ
Accusative	*köŕni, *köŕüg 4), *köŕnig 1)
Genitive	*köŕniŋ
Dative	*köŕke
Locative	*köŕte
Ablative	*köŕten
Allative	*köŕgerü
Instrumental 2)	*köŕün
Equative 2)	*köŕče
Similative 2)	*köŕleyü
Comitative 2)	*köŕlügü

¹⁾ Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
⁴⁾ Found in the Old Turkic era.

Descendants

• Oghur:
  • Chuvash: куҫ (kuś) (<*kör-s ?)
• Common Turkic:

• Arghu:
  • Khalaj: köz
• Oghuz:
  • Old Anatolian Turkish:
    • Azerbaijani: göz
    • Ottoman Turkish: گوز (göz)
      • Turkish: göz
      • Gagauz: göz
      • → Armenian: գյոզ (gyoz)
  • Turkmen: göz
  • Salar: göz
• Karluk:
  • Karakhanid: كُوزْ (kȫz)
    • Khorezmian Turkic: كوز (köz)
      • Chagatai: گوز (göz)
        • Uzbek: koʻz
        • Uyghur: كۆز (köz)
• Kipchak: كوز (köz)
  • West Kipchak:
    • Crimean Tatar: köz
    • Karachay-Balkar: кёз (köz)
    • Kumyk: гёз (göz)
    • Karaim: [script needed] (koz)
  • North Kipchak:
    • Bashkir: күҙ (küź)
    • Tatar: күз (küz)
  • South Kipchak:
    • Caspian:
      • Kazakh: көз (köz)
      • Karakalpak: ko'z
      • Nogai: коьз (köz)
    • Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
      • Kyrgyz: көз (köz)
      • Southern Altai: кӧс (kös)
• Siberian:
  • Old Turkic: 𐰚𐰇𐰕 (köz)
    • Old Uyghur: [script needed] (kwyz /⁠köz⁠/)
      • Western Yugur: [script needed] (köz)
  • South Siberian:
    • Sayan Turkic:
      • Soyot: көскүдәр (“to show”)
      • Tofa: көстүр (“to appear”)
      • Tuvan: көскү (köskü, “visible”), көстүк (köstük, “glasses”) (< *köslük < *közlük < *köŕ-lük)
    • Yenisei Turkic:
      • Khakas: кӧс
      • Shor: кӧс

Further reading

• Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “kö:z”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 756
• Sevortjan, E. V. (1980) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume 3, Moscow: Nauka, page 60
• Tenišev E. R., editor (2001), Sravnitelʹno-istoričeskaja grammatika tjurkskix jazykov: Leksika [Comparative Historical Grammar of Turkic Languages: Lexis] (in Russian), volume 4, Moscow: Nauka, page 209