Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kaŕgan

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Analysis as *kaŕ- (“to dig out”) +‎ *-gan is often proposed, however not without some controversy, see literature for details.

Noun

*kaŕgan

1. cauldron

Declension

Declension of *kaŕgan

	Singular 3)
Nominative	*kaŕgan
Accusative	*kaŕgannï, *kaŕganïg 4), *kaŕgannïg 1)
Genitive	*kaŕgannïŋ
Dative	*kaŕganka
Locative	*kaŕganta
Ablative	*kaŕgantan
Allative	*kaŕgangaru
Instrumental 2)	*kaŕganïn
Equative 2)	*kaŕganča
Similative 2)	*kaŕganlayu
Comitative 2)	*kaŕganlïgu

¹⁾ Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
⁴⁾ Found in the Old Turkic era.

Descendants

• Oghur:
  • Chuvash: хуран (huran)
  • → Hungarian: harang (“bell”) (uncertain)
• Common Turkic:

• → Middle Mongol: [Arabic needed] (qazghan) (Ibn Muhanna)
• Kipchak:
  • North Kipchak:
    • Bashkir: ҡаҙан (qaźan)
    • Tatar: казан (qazan)
      • Siberian Tatar: казаннау (“to prepare in a cauldron”)
  • South Kipchak:
    • Kipchak-Nogai:
      • Karakalpak: qazan
      • Kazakh: қазан (qazan)
      • Nogai: казан (kazan)
    • Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
      • Kyrgyz: казан (kazan)
      • Southern Altai: казан (kazan)
  • West Kipchak:
    • Crimean Tatar: qazan
    • Karachay-Balkar: къазан (qazan)
    • Karaim: казан
    • Kumyk: къазан (qazan)
    • Krymchak: казан (“stockpot”)
• Karluk:
  • Karakhanid: قَزْغانْ (qazɣān, “dug out”) (uncertain)
    • Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (qazan)
      • Uzbek: qozon
• Arghu:
  • Khalaj: qazğân
• Proto-Oghuz: *γazan
  • West Oghuz:
    • Old Anatolian Turkish:
      • Azerbaijani: qazan
      • Ottoman Turkish: قزان (qazan), قزغان (kazğan)
        • Turkish: kazan
        • → Albanian: kazan
        • → Arabic: قَزَان (qazān), قَازَان (qāzān)
        • → Armenian: խազան (xazan), ղազան (ġazan), կազան (kazan), ղզղան (ġzġan)
        • → Aromanian: cãzáne
        • → Bulgarian: каза́н (kazán)
        • → Greek: καζάνι (kazáni)
        • → Macedonian: казан (kazan)
        • → Romanian: cazàn
        • → Serbo-Croatian:

          Cyrillic script: ка̀зан

          Latin script: kàzan

      • Gagauz: kazan
  • East Oghuz:
    • Turkmen: gazan
• Siberian:
  • South Siberian:
    • Khakas: хазан (xazan)
    • Shor: қазан (qazan)

Further reading

• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “kazğa:n”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 682
• Levitskaja, L. S., Dybo, A. V., Rassadin, V. I. (2000) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume 6, Moscow: Indrik, page 188
• Doerfer, Gerhard (1967) Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen [Turkic and Mongolian Elements in New Persian] (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur: Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission; 20)‎^[1] (in German), volume 3, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, page 1390