Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kuńāĺ

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Whether this is a secondary form of *küneĺ (“sunny place”) or a distinct word is uncertain, with multiple sources claiming one or the other.

Sevortjan suggests a derivation from *kuy- which he considers a secondary form of *köń-, however neither does he explain the morphology nor is such a form attested.

Noun

*kuńāĺ

1. the blazing heat of the (midday) sun
2. (astronomy) sun

   Synonym: *küneĺ

Declension

Declension of *kuńāĺ

	Singular 3)
Nominative	*kuńāĺ
Accusative	*kuńāĺïg, *kuńāĺnï1)
Genitive	*kuńāĺnïŋ
Dative	*kuńāĺka
Locative	*kuńāĺta
Ablative	*kuńāĺtan
Allative	*kuńāĺgaru
Instrumental 2)	*kuńāĺïn
Equative 2)	*kuńāĺča
Similative 2)	*kuńāĺlayu
Comitative 2)	*kuńāĺlïgu

¹⁾ Originally only in pronominal declension.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.

Descendants

• Oghur:
  • Chuvash: хӗвел (hĕvel, “sun”)
• Common Turkic: *kuyāš

• Karluk:
  • Karakhanid: قُياشْ
    • Chagatai:
      • Uzbek: quyosh
      • Uyghur: قۇياش (quyash)
• Kipchak:
  • Cuman: cuyas
    • Karaim: къуяш (quyaş)
    • Kumyk: кыяс (kıyas)
    • → Turkish: guyaş (dial.)
  • North Kipchak:
    • Bashkir: ҡояш (qoyaş)
    • Tatar: кояш (qoyaş)
  • South Kipchak:
    • Caspian:
      • Nogai: [script needed] (qıyaş)
      • Karakalpak: quyash
    • Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
      • Southern Altai: [script needed] (quyash)
• Siberian:
  • Old Uyghur: [script needed] (quyaš)
  • Northern Altai: куйаш (kuyaš)
  • North Siberian:
    • Dolgan: куньаас (kuńaas)
    • Yakut: куйаас (kuyaas)
  • South Siberian:
    • Yenisei:
      • Shor: қуйаш (quyaš)

References

• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 679
• Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 301
• Levitskaja, L. S., Dybo, A. V., Rassadin, V. I. (2000) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume VI, Moscow: Indrik, page 111