Wiktionary

sun

See also: Appendix:Variations of "sun"

Translingual edit

Symbol edit

sun

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Sundanese.

English edit

Pronunciation edit

Etymology 1 edit

From Middle English sonne, sunne, from Old English sunne, from Proto-West Germanic *sunnā, from Proto-Germanic *sunnǭ, from heteroclitic inanimate Proto-Indo-European *sh₂wen-, oblique of Proto-Indo-European *sóh₂wl̥ (“sun”).

See also Saterland Frisian Sunne, West Frisian sinne, German Low German Sünn, Dutch zon, German Sonne, Icelandic sunna; outside of Germanic, Welsh huan, Sanskrit स्वर् (svar), Avestan 𐬓𐬇𐬧𐬔 (xᵛə̄ṇg)).

Related to sol, Sol, Surya, and Helios. More at solar.

Alternative forms edit

Proper noun edit

the sun

 
The Sun photographed by Skylab 4.
  2. The star that the Earth revolves around and from which it receives light and warmth.
    • 1886, Peter Christen Asbjørnsen, translated by H.L. Brækstad, Folk and Fairy Tales, page 233:
      "I suppose I may have leave to do that!" Yes, she could do that, he said, but there was no road to that place; it lay east of the sun and west of the moon, and she could never find her way there.
    • 1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter I, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y., London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:
      'Twas early June, the new grass was flourishing everywheres, the posies in the yard—peonies and such—in full bloom, the sun was shining, and the water of the bay was blue, with light green streaks where the shoal showed.
Usage notes edit
  • While the sun by tradition is typically regarded as masculine, the noun itself was originally feminine in grammatical gender.
Translations edit
See sun/translations § Proper noun.

Noun edit

sun (countable and uncountable, plural suns)

  1. (astronomy) A star, especially when seen as the centre of any single solar system.
    • 2010, BioWare, Mass Effect 2 (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →OCLC, PC, scene: Haestrom Codex entry:
      Because Haestrom's sun has overwhelmed the planet's protective magnetosphere, humans foolhardy enough to venture into geth-controlled Haestrom must exercise extreme caution. Minutes of radiation exposure will overload shields and hours of exposure will kill.
  2. The light and warmth which is received from the sun; sunshine or sunlight.
    • c. 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Winters Tale”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii]:
      Lambs that did frisk in the sun.
    • 1835, [Edward Bulwer-Lytton], “The Knight of Provençe, and His Proposal”, in Rienzi, the Last of the Tribunes. […], volume I, London: Saunders and Otley, […], →OCLC, book II (The Revolution), page 184:
      His fair hair waved long and freely over a white and unwrinkled forehead: the life of a camp and the suns of Italy had but little embrowned his clear and healthful complexion, which retained much of the bloom of youth.
  3. (figurative) Something like the sun in brightness or splendor.
  4. (uncountable, chiefly literary) Sunrise or sunset.
    • 1611 April (first recorded performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Cymbeline”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii], page 381, columns 1–2:
      Imo[gen]. […] Prythee ſpeake, / How many ſtore of Miles may we well rid / Twixt houre, and houre? / Piſ[anio]. One ſcore 'twixt Sun, and Sun, / Madam's enough for you: and too much too. / Imo[gen]. Why, one that rode to's Excution Man, / Could neuer go ſo ſlow: […]
    • 1638, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], “Discontents, Cares, Miseries, &c. causes”, in The Anatomy of Melancholy. […], 5th edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Printed [by Robert Young, Miles Flesher, and Leonard Lichfield and William Turner] for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition 1, section 2, member 3, subsection 10, page 110:
      [W]hileſt many an hunger-ſtarved poore creature pines in the ſtreet, wants clothes to cover him, labours hard all day long, runs, rides for a trifle, fights peradventure from Sun to Sun, ſick and ill, weary, full of paine and griefe, is in great diſtreſſe and ſorrow of heart.
    • 1849, Henry David Thoreau, A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers, published 1873, page 357:
      I love these sons of earth every mother's son of them, with their great hearty hearts rushing tumultuously in herds from spectacle to spectacle, as if fearful lest there should not be time between sun and sun to see them all, and the sun does not wait more than in haying-time.
    • 1962, Harry S. Truman, Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: Harry S. Truman, page 651:
      You see, the President has five jobs, any one of which would be more than a full-time job for one man; but I have to do all five of them between sun and sun.
    • 1997, Alan Dean Foster, Howling Stones, page 149:
      “Tomorrow at first sun.” Not being much of a morning person, she winced internally. “First sun?” “It is the proper time, when the flowers of the pohoroh first open to the light.”
  5. A revolution of the Earth around the Sun; a year.
  6. A transversing of the sky by the Sun; a day.
  7. The nineteenth trump/major arcana card of the Tarot.
  8. (cartomancy) The thirty-first Lenormand card.
Derived terms edit
Translations edit
See sun/translations § Noun.

Verb edit

sun (third-person singular simple present suns, present participle sunning, simple past and past participle sunned)

  1. (transitive) To expose to the warmth and radiation of the sun.
    Synonym: apricate
    Beautiful bodies lying on the beach, sunning their bronzed limbs.
    • 2000, William Laurance, Stinging Trees and Wait-a-Whiles: Confessions of a Rainforest Biologist:
      There were lots of zany antics and we tried not to stare too obviously at the beautiful women toplessly sunning themselves...
    • 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter II, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:
      Sunning himself on the board steps, I saw for the first time Mr. Farquhar Fenelon Cooke. He was dressed out in broad gaiters and bright tweeds, like an English tourist, and his face might have belonged to Dagon, idol of the Philistines. A silver snaffle on a heavy leather watch guard which connected the pockets of his corduroy waistcoat, together with a huge gold stirrup in his Ascot tie, sufficiently proclaimed his tastes.
  2. (transitive) To warm or dry in the sunshine.
  3. (intransitive) To be exposed to the sun.
  4. (intransitive, alternative medicine) To expose the eyes to the sun as part of the Bates method.
Hypernyms edit
Derived terms edit
Translations edit
See sun/translations § Verb.

See also edit

Etymology 2 edit

From Japanese 寸 (sun). Doublet of cun.

Noun edit

sun (plural suns or sun)

  1. A traditional Japanese unit of length, approximately 30.3 millimetres (1.193 inches).

Etymology 3 edit

Noun edit

sun (uncountable)

  1. Alternative form of sunn (“the plant”)

Further reading edit

Anagrams edit

Bambara edit

Etymology 1 edit

Noun edit

sun

  1. trunk (of tree)
Usage notes edit

Often used in a compound with the name of a tree to indicate that kind of tree.

Etymology 2 edit

From Arabic صَوْم (ṣawm, “fasting; abstaining from food, drink, and sex”), from Classical Syriac ܨܘܡܐ (ṣawmāʾ).

Noun edit

sun

  1. fasting (during the month of Ramadan)

Noun edit

sun

  1. to fast

Bavarian edit

Alternative forms edit

Etymology edit

From Middle High German sun, from Old High German sunu, from Proto-West Germanic *sunu, from Proto-Germanic *sunuz (“son”). Cognate with German Sohn, Dutch zoon, English son, Icelandic sonur.

Noun edit

sun

  1. (Sauris) son

References edit

Cimbrian edit

Noun edit

sun m

  1. (Tredici Comuni) son

References edit

  • Umberto Patuzzi, ed., (2013) Ünsarne Börtar, Luserna: Comitato unitario delle linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien

Czech edit

Etymology edit

Deverbal from sunout.

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

sun m inan

  1. slide

Declension edit

Declension of sun (hard masculine inanimate)
singular plural
nominative sun suny
genitive sunu sunů
dative sunu sunům
accusative sun suny
vocative sune suny
locative sunu sunech
instrumental sunem suny

Related terms edit

Further reading edit

  • sun in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
  • sun in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989
  • sun in Internetová jazyková příručka

Finnish edit

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /ˈsun/, [ˈs̠un]
  • Rhymes: -un
  • Syllabification(key): sun

Etymology 1 edit

Possibly from etymology 2, originally as a replacement of mun, eroded variant of muin which was reinterpreted as the genitive singular of mä.

Conjunction edit

sun

  1. (coordinating) A coordinating conjunction expressing generality.
    En nyt jouda, kun tässä on sitä sun tätä tekemistä.
    I don't have time for that because I have this and that to do (miscellaneous stuff/things to do).
    Lautanen oli täynnä makaroonilaatikkoa, makkaraa, salaattia, perunamuussia sun muuta pöperöä.
    The plate was full of macaroni casserole, sausage, salad, mashed potatoes and other grub.

Further reading edit

Etymology 2 edit

Compare standard sinun (“your, yours”) (genitive singular of sinä).

Pronoun edit

sun

  1. (colloquial) genitive of sä

Friulian edit

Etymology edit

From Latin sonus.

Noun edit

sun m (plural suns)

  1. sound
  2. music

Synonyms edit

Related terms edit

Hokkien edit

For pronunciation and definitions of sun – see 孫 (“grandchild; grandson; etc.”).
(This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 孫).

Inari Sami edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-Samic *sonë.

Pronunciation edit

  This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

Pronoun edit

sun (genitive suu)

  1. he, she, it

See also edit

Inari Sami personal pronouns
singular dual plural
1st person mun muoi mij
2nd person tun tuoi tij
3rd person sun suoi sij

Further reading edit

  • sun in Marja-Liisa Olthuis, Taarna Valtonen, Miina Seurujärvi and Trond Trosterud (2015–2022) Nettidigisäänih Anarâškiela-suomakielâ-anarâškielâ sänikirje‎[2], Tromsø: UiT
  • Koponen, Eino, Ruppel, Klaas, Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008), Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages‎[3], Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland

Indonesian edit

Etymology edit

From Dutch zoen (“kiss”), from Middle Dutch zoene, soen, soene, swoene (“reconciliation; atonement; kiss”), from Old Dutch *sōna, *swōna (“reconciliation; peace; agreement”), from Proto-Germanic *sōnō, *swōnō (“appeasement; reconciliation; atonement; sacrifice”), from Proto-Indo-European *swā-n- (“healthy; whole; active; vigorous”).

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): [ˈsʊn]
  • Hyphenation: sun

Noun edit

sun (first-person possessive sunku, second-person possessive sunmu, third-person possessive sunnya)

  1. kiss, a touch with the lips, usually to express love or affection, or as a greeting.
    Synonym: ciuman

Derived terms edit

Further reading edit

Javanese edit

Noun edit

sun

  1. a kiss

Kaingang edit

FWOTD – 12 May 2013

Pronunciation edit

Verb edit

sun

  1. To warm oneself by staying near a fire.[1]

References edit

  1. ^ “sun” in Editora Esperança, Dicionário Kaingang-Português Português-Kaingang, Ursula Gojtéj Wiesemann, 2nd edition, 2011, page 83.

Ladin edit

Preposition edit

sun

  1. on, over
  2. in

Verb edit

sun

  1. Alternative form of son

Manchu edit

Romanization edit

sun

  1. Romanization of ᠰᡠᠨ

Mandarin edit

Romanization edit

sun

  1. Nonstandard spelling of sūn.
  2. Nonstandard spelling of sǔn.
  3. Nonstandard spelling of sùn.

Usage notes edit

  • Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Middle English edit

Etymology 1 edit

Noun edit

sun

  1. Alternative form of sonne (“sun”)

Etymology 2 edit

Noun edit

sun

  1. Alternative form of sone (“son”)

Mimi of Nachtigal edit

Etymology edit

Similar to (and likely a borrowing of, or possibly the lender of) the word used for water in the "third Mimi" language, Amdang sunu, which in turn is (per Starostin) "most likely cognate with Fur suːn ‘waterhole, well’".

Noun edit

sun

  1. water

References edit

  • George Starostin, On Mimi

North Frisian edit

Etymology edit

From Old Frisian sand, from Proto-Germanic *samdaz. Cognates include West Frisian sân.

Noun edit

sun n (plural sun)

  1. (Föhr-Amrum) sand

Derived terms edit

Okinawan edit

Verb edit

sun

  1. Rōmaji transcription of すん

Old Danish edit

Etymology edit

From Old Norse sonr, sunr, from Proto-Germanic *sunuz.

Noun edit

sun m (nominative plural synær)

  1. son

Descendants edit

  • Danish: søn

Quiripi edit

Noun edit

sun

  1. (Unquachog) stone

References edit

  • Thomas Jefferson (1791) A vocabulary of the Language of the Unquachog Indians (in Quiripi)

Romanian edit

Pronunciation edit

Etymology 1 edit

Verb edit

sun

  1. first-person singular present indicative/subjunctive of suna

Etymology 2 edit

Probably from Latin sonus, or from the verb suna.

Noun edit

sun n (plural sunuri)

  1. (obsolete) sound
    Synonym: sunet
Declension edit
Declension of sun
singular plural
indefinite articulation definite articulation indefinite articulation definite articulation
nominative/accusative (un) sun sunul (niște) sunuri sunurile
genitive/dative (unui) sun sunului (unor) sunuri sunurilor
vocative sunule sunurilor

References edit

Scots edit

Etymology edit

From Old English sunne, from Proto-West Germanic *sunnā, from Proto-Germanic *sunnǭ, from heteroclitic inanimate Proto-Indo-European *sh₂wen- (“sun”), oblique stem *sóh₂wl̥ (“sun”).

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

sun (plural suns)

  1. sun

Derived terms edit

Vietnamese edit

Pronunciation edit

Verb edit

sun

  1. (intransitive) To shrink.
  2. (transitive) To pull together.
    sun vai
    to pull one’s shoulders together

References edit

Waigali edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-Nuristani *sónna (whence Ashkun són, Kamkata-viri sún, Prasuni sü, sun, Tregami sṓn), a borrowing from Middle Indo-Aryan *sonna, from Sanskrit सुवर्ण (suvárṇa).

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

sun

  1. gold

Yoruba edit

Etymology 1 edit

Alternative forms edit

Pronunciation edit

Verb edit

sùn

  1. to sleep
    Mo sùn gbalaja ― I slept stretched out
Derived terms edit

Etymology 2 edit

Pronunciation edit

Verb edit

sun

  1. to roast
    Synonyms: yan, wì (“to singe”)
    Mo sun ẹran. ― I roasted the meat.
  2. to burn; to set on fire
    Synonyms: jó, jóná, dáná sun
    A máa ń sun òkú nínú àṣà tèmi. ― We cremate the dead in my culture.
    Àwọn jagunjagun ya wọ̀lú, wọ́n sì dáná sun ojúbọ ― The warriors raided the town and set the shrines on fire
Derived terms edit

Etymology 3 edit

Pronunciation edit

Verb edit

sun

  1. to trickle; to flow
Derived terms edit

Etymology 4 edit

Pronunciation edit

Verb edit

sun

  1. (with ẹkún (“tears”)) to cry
    Wọ́n ń sun ẹkún níbi ìsìnkú ― They're crying at the burial ground
  2. to chant
    Ọdẹ ni ó máa ń sun ìjálá, ìyàwó ni ó máa ń sun ẹkún-ìyàwó ― Hunters chant ìjálá, and brides chant the ẹkún-ìyàwó
Derived terms edit

Etymology 5 edit

Pronunciation edit

Verb edit

sùn

  1. to aim; to target
    Ìyẹn ni mò ń fojú sùn lọ́dún tó ń bọ̀ ― That's what I aspire for this coming year
Derived terms edit

Etymology 6 edit

Pronunciation edit

Verb edit

sún

  1. to shift; to move
    Sún mọ́ mi. ― Move closer to me.
    Pẹ̀lúmi fẹ́ sún ìpàdé síwájú ― Pelumi wants to postpone the meeting
  2. to nudge; to motivate
    Ó sún mi láti wọ́de ― It motivated me to protest
  3. to prick
    Synonym: gún
    Ẹ̀gún sún mi lọ́wọ́ ― The thorn pricked me
Derived terms edit

Etymology 7 edit

Pronunciation edit

Verb edit

sùn

  1. to make a complaint
    A ti fẹjọ́ yín sùn wọ́n ― We have reported you to them
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=sun&oldid=78421231"