Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/tāg

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Noun

*tāg

1. mountain

Declension

Declension of *tāg

	Singular 3)
Nominative	*tāg
Accusative	*tāgïg, *tāgnï1)
Genitive	*tāgnïŋ
Dative	*tāgka
Locative	*tāgda
Ablative	*tāgdan
Allative	*tāggaru
Instrumental 2)	*tāgïn
Equative 2)	*tāgča
Similative 2)	*tāglayu
Comitative 2)	*tāglïgu

¹⁾ Originally only in pronominal declension.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.

Descendants

• Oghur: *taɣ
  • Old Chuvash: *tåw
    • Middle Chuvash: *tai̯
      • Middle Chuvash: *tu
        • Chuvash: ту (tu)
• Common Turkic: *tāg

• Arghu:
  • Khalaj: tâğ
• Oghuz:
  • Old Anatolian Turkish:
    • Azerbaijani: dağ
    • Ottoman Turkish: داغ (dağ), طاغ (dağ)
      • Gagauz: daa (“forest”)
      • Turkish: dağ
      • → Bulgarian: даг (dag) (dialectal)
      • → Laz: დაღი (daği)
  • Turkmen: dag
  • Salar: dağ
• Karluk:
  • Chagatai: تاغ
    • Uzbek: togʻ
    • Uyghur: تاغ (tagh)
• Kipchak:
  • Kipchak-Bulgar:
    • Tatar: тау (taw)
    • Bashkir: тау (taw)
  • Kipchak-Cuman:
    • Crimean Tatar: dağ
    • Karachay-Balkar: тау (tau)
    • Karaim: тав, tav
    • Kumyk: тав (taw)
    • Krymchak: дагъ
  • Kipchak-Nogai:
    • Kazakh: тау (tau)
    • Karakalpak: taw
    • Nogai: тав (tav)
  • Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
    • Kyrgyz: тоо (too)
    • Southern Altai: туу (tuu)
• Siberian:
  • North Siberian:
    • Yakut: тыа (tıa)
    • Dolgan: тыа
  • South Siberian:
    • Sayan Turkic:
      • Tofa: дағ (dağ)
      • Tuvan: даг (dag)
    • Yenisei Turkic:
      • Shor: тағ (tağ)
      • Khakas: тағ (tağ)
      • Western Yugur: tağ

References

• Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*dāg”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎^[1], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 463