Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/þunr

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *þunraz.

Noun

*þunr m

1. thunder

Inflection

Masculine a-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*þunr
Genitive	*þunras
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*þunr	*þunrō, *þunrōs
Accusative	*þunr	*þunrā
Genitive	*þunras	*þunrō
Dative	*þunrē	*þunrum
Instrumental	*þunru	*þunrum

Descendants

• Old English: þunor, þunar, þunur, þuner, þonor
  • Middle English: thonder
    • English: thunder
    • Scots: thuner, thunder, thundir
    • Yola: dhunder, dunder
• Old Frisian: thuner, thonger
  • West Frisian: tonger
• Old Saxon: thunar, thuner
  • Middle Low German: dunner, donner, donre, donder, dōner
    • Low German:
      • German Low German:

        Hamburgisch: Dunner

      • Westphalian:

        Ravensbergisch-Lippisch: Donner

        Sauerländisch: Duener, Dūner, Dunner, Dōener

        Westmünsterländisch: Dunder, Dunner

    • Plautdietsch: Donna
• Old Dutch: *thonar
  • Middle Dutch: donre
    • Dutch: donder
      • Afrikaans: donder
      • Negerhollands: donner, dondu
        • → Virgin Islands Creole: dondu (dated)
      • → Papiamentu: dònder, donder
      • → Sranan Tongo: dondru
        • Aukan: dondoo, donduu
    • Limburgish: dónder, dónjer
    • West Flemish: dunder
• Old High German: donar, thonar
  • Middle High German: toner, doner
    • Central Franconian:

      Hunsrik: Dunner

      Luxembourgish: Donner

    • German: Donner
    • Rhine Franconian: Dunner

      Frankfurterisch: IPA [d̥onæ̆], (possible pre-1825 pronunciation) [d̥unæ̆]

    • Vilamovian: dunyn (likely a plural form of *duner)
    • Yiddish: דונער (duner)