Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/grōtijan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *grōtijaną.

Verb

*grōtijan

1. to address, greet
2. to blame, accuse
3. to yell at, make cry, scold

Inflection

Class 1 weak
Infinitive	*grōtijan
1st sg. past	*grōtidā
Infinitive	*grōtijan
Genitive infin.	*grōtijannjas
Dative infin.	*grōtijannjē
Instrum. infin.	*grōtijannju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*grōtiju	*grōtidā
2nd singular	*grōtisi	*grōtidēs, *grōtidōs
3rd singular	*grōtiþi	*grōtidē, *grōtidā
1st plural	*grōtijum	*grōtidum
2nd plural	*grōtiþ	*grōtidud
3rd plural	*grōtijanþ	*grōtidun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*grōtijē	*grōtidī
2nd singular	*grōtijēs	*grōtidī
3rd singular	*grōtijē	*grōtidī
1st plural	*grōtijēm	*grōtidīm
2nd plural	*grōtijēþ	*grōtidīd
3rd plural	*grōtijēn	*grōtidīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*grōti
Plural	*grōtiþ
	Present	Past
Participle	*grōtijandī	*grōtid

Descendants

• Old English: grētan
  • Middle English: greten
    • English: greet
    • Scots: grete, greit
• Old Frisian: grēta
  • Saterland Frisian: gröitje
  • West Frisian: groetsje
• Old Saxon: grōtian
  • Middle Low German: grö̂ten
    • German Low German: gröten
• Old Dutch: *gruoten
  • Middle Dutch: groeten, gruten
    • Dutch: groeten
      • Afrikaans: groet
      • Negerhollands: groet, gruet, groetnes
      • → Caribbean Javanese: khrut
• Old High German: gruozen, gruozzen
  • Middle High German: grüezen
    • Alemannic German: grüesse
    • Bavarian: griaßn
    • Cimbrian: grüazan, grüusan
    • German: grüßen
    • Luxembourgish: gréissen
• →? Vulgar Latin: *grōtiāre
  • Old French: grocier, grucier, groucier, grouchier
    • → Middle English: grouchen, grucchen
      • English: grouch, grutch, grudge, grouse
      • Scots: gruch, grutch, grunch