Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/grōtijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *grētaną +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɣrɔː.ti.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*grōtijaną

1. to cause to weep; make cry
2. to scold
3. to address (an issue)
4. to address (an individual); greet

Inflection

Conjugation of *grōtijaną (weak class 1)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*grōtijō	*grōtijaų	—	*grōtijai	?
2nd singular	*grōtīsi	*grōtijais	*grōtī	*grōtijasai	*grōtijaisau
3rd singular	*grōtīþi	*grōtijai	*grōtijaþau	*grōtijaþai	*grōtijaiþau
1st dual	*grōtijōs	*grōtijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*grōtijaþiz	*grōtijaiþiz	*grōtijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*grōtijamaz	*grōtijaim	—	*grōtijanþai	*grōtijainþau
2nd plural	*grōtīþ	*grōtijaiþ	*grōtīþ	*grōtijanþai	*grōtijainþau
3rd plural	*grōtijanþi	*grōtijain	*grōtijanþau	*grōtijanþai	*grōtijainþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*grōtidǭ	*grōtidēdį̄
2nd singular	*grōtidēz	*grōtidēdīz
3rd singular	*grōtidē	*grōtidēdī
1st dual	*grōtidēdū	*grōtidēdīw
2nd dual	*grōtidēdudiz	*grōtidēdīdiz
1st plural	*grōtidēdum	*grōtidēdīm
2nd plural	*grōtidēdud	*grōtidēdīd
3rd plural	*grōtidēdun	*grōtidēdīn
	present	past
participles	*grōtijandz	*grōtidaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *grōtijan
  • Old English: grētan
    • Middle English: greten
      • English: greet
      • Scots: grete, greit
  • Old Frisian: grēta
    • Saterland Frisian: gröitje
    • West Frisian: groetsje
  • Old Saxon: grōtian
    • Middle Low German: grö̂ten
      • German Low German: gröten
  • Old Dutch: *gruoten
    • Middle Dutch: groeten, gruten
      • Dutch: groeten
        • Afrikaans: groet
        • Negerhollands: groet, gruet, groetnes
        • → Caribbean Javanese: khrut
  • Old High German: gruozen, gruozzen
    • Middle High German: grüezen
      • Alemannic German: grüesse
      • Bavarian: griaßn
      • Cimbrian: grüazan, grüusan (Sette Comuni)
      • German: grüßen
      • Luxembourgish: gréissen
  • →? Vulgar Latin: *grōtiāre
    • Old French: grocier, grucier, groucier, grouchier
      • → Middle English: grouchen, grucchen
        • English: grouch, grutch, grudge, grouse
        • Scots: gruch, grutch, grunch
• Old Norse: grǿta, grœta
  • Icelandic: græta
  • Faroese: grøta
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: grøta
  • Old Swedish: grø̄ta