Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/niuwjōn
Proto-West Germanic
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Germanic *niwjōną. Equivalent to *niwi (“new”) + *-ōn.
Verb
edit*niuwjōn
Inflection
editClass 2 weak | ||
---|---|---|
Infinitive | *niuwjōn | |
1st sg. past | *niuwjōdā | |
Infinitive | *niuwjōn | |
Genitive infin. | *niuwjōnijas | |
Dative infin. | *niuwjōnijē | |
Instrum. infin. | *niuwjōniju | |
Indicative | Present | Past |
1st singular | *niuwjō | *niuwjōdā |
2nd singular | *niuwjōs | *niuwjōdēs, *niuwjōdōs |
3rd singular | *niuwjōþ | *niuwjōdē, *niuwjōdā |
1st plural | *niuwjōm | *niuwjōdum |
2nd plural | *niuwjōþ | *niuwjōdud |
3rd plural | *niuwjōnþ | *niuwjōdun |
Subjunctive | Present | Past |
1st singular | *niuwjō | *niuwjōdī |
2nd singular | *niuwjōs | *niuwjōdī |
3rd singular | *niuwjō | *niuwjōdī |
1st plural | *niuwjōm | *niuwjōdīm |
2nd plural | *niuwjōþ | *niuwjōdīd |
3rd plural | *niuwjōn | *niuwjōdīn |
Imperative | Present | |
Singular | *niuwjō | |
Plural | *niuwjōþ | |
Present | Past | |
Participle | *niuwjōndī | *niuwjōd |
Related terms
editDescendants
edit- Old English: nīewian, nīwian, nēowian, nīwiġan
- Old Frisian: nīa
- Old Saxon: *niuwōn
- Old Dutch: *niuwon
- Middle Dutch: niewen
- Dutch: nieuwen (dialectal)
- ⇒ Middle Dutch: verniewen, verniën
- Dutch: vernieuwen
- Middle Dutch: niewen
- Old High German: niuwōn
- Middle High German: niuwen
- German: neuen (archaic)
- ⇒ Middle High German: verniuwen, verniun, vernūen, vernūwen, vernuowen, ferniuwen
- German: verneuen (archaic)
- ⇒ Middle High German: verniuweren, verniuwern, ferniuwern
- German: verneuern (archaic)
- ⇒ Old High German: irniuwōn
- Middle High German: niuwen