Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/niwjōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Related to *niwjaz (“new”) +‎ *-ōną.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈniu̯.jɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*niwjōną

1. to renew, to make new

Inflection

Conjugation of *niwjōną (weak class 2)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*niwjō	*niwjǭ	—	*niwjōi	?
2nd singular	*niwjōsi	*niwjōs	*niwjō	*niwjōsai	*niwjōsau
3rd singular	*niwjōþi	*niwjō	*niwjōþau	*niwjōþai	*niwjōþau
1st dual	*niwjōs	*niwjōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*niwjōþiz	*niwjōþiz	*niwjōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*niwjōmaz	*niwjōm	—	*niwjōnþai	*niwjōnþau
2nd plural	*niwjōþ	*niwjōþ	*niwjōþ	*niwjōnþai	*niwjōnþau
3rd plural	*niwjōnþi	*niwjōn	*niwjōnþau	*niwjōnþai	*niwjōnþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*niwjōdǭ	*niwjōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*niwjōdēz	*niwjōdēdīz
3rd singular	*niwjōdē	*niwjōdēdī
1st dual	*niwjōdēdū	*niwjōdēdīw
2nd dual	*niwjōdēdudiz	*niwjōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*niwjōdēdum	*niwjōdēdīm
2nd plural	*niwjōdēdud	*niwjōdēdīd
3rd plural	*niwjōdēdun	*niwjōdēdīn
	present	past
participles	*niwjōndz	*niwjōdaz

Alternative reconstructions

• *newwōną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *niuwjōn
  • Old English: nīewian, nīwian, nēowian, nīwiġan
    • Middle English: newen
      • English: new
      • Scots: neu, new
      • ⇒ Middle English: anewen
      • ⇒ Middle English: renewen
        • English: renew
        • Scots: renew
  • Old Frisian: nīa
    • ⇒ Old Frisian: fornīa
      • Saterland Frisian: fernäije
      • West Frisian: fernije
    • ⇒ Old Frisian: urnīa
  • Old Saxon: *niuwōn
    • Middle Low German: nü̂wen, nîgen, nîen
      • ⇒ Middle Low German: vörnîen, vornîen, vorniegen, vornigen, vorniggen, vernîen
        • German Low German: vernejen, vernien, verneen
        • ⇒ Middle Low German: vörnîeren, vörnü̂weren
  • Old Dutch: *niuwon
    • Middle Dutch: niewen
      • Dutch: nieuwen (dialectal)
      • ⇒ Middle Dutch: verniewen, verniën
        • Dutch: vernieuwen
  • Old High German: niuwōn
    • Middle High German: niuwen
      • German: neuen (archaic)
      • ⇒ Middle High German: verniuwen, verniun, vernūen, vernūwen, vernuowen, ferniuwen
        • German: verneuen (archaic)
        • ⇒ Middle High German: verniuweren, verniuwern, ferniuwern
          • German: verneuern (archaic)
    • ⇒ Old High German: irniuwōn
      • Middle High German: erniuwen, irniuwen, erniuen, irniuen, ernūwen, irnūwen
        • German: erneuen (archaic)
        • ⇒ Middle High German: erniuweren, erniuwern, irniuwern, ernūwern, irwūwern
          • German: erneuern
• Old Norse: nýja
  • Icelandic: nýja