Wiktionary

User:Malku H₂n̥rés/Free knowledge

< User:Malku H₂n̥rés

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Here is a list of templates and links linking to free knowledge. This knowledge consists of data on websites or downloadable files and is free (of money), accessible (you click and you have a complete book, a paper, a dictionary, etc.) and very reliable. Thus, if you have free time, you can either read reliable knowledge for free just having an Internet connection, or even not if you downloaded the file, or you can put this knowledge on Wiktionary entries because you have access to these references, they're reliable and often have a template bot only providing the right page or entry but also linking to it.

You are totally free to use all this knowledge, and you can of course contribute here putting templates or simple links following the same pattern as the others. You can find templates here, by language, and if you find a link to a website or file fitting all the criteria but without template, put it on simple links.

To do:
  • fill all links.
  • put all reference templates linking to some free knowledge.
    • check all parameters of those templates.
  • organize everything by topic
    • languages, reconstructed languages, scripts
      • link-providing templates, linkless templates, simple links
  • for each very old language or script, put a link to the exhaustive list of all attested records (e.g. get a list of all attested Phoenician language records for entry creation, citation and reliability)
  • for each template, go to the main page of the link to see if there are other interesting free knowledge to put in simple links.
  • For each simple link, see if it matches with an existing linkless reference template.
    • If yes, edit the template to add the lacking url (with potential parameters to put automatically in the url).
    • If no, create a reference template using the link (with potential parameters to put automatically in the url).
    • Add the aforementioned template to the references of the section it belongs to.

Manual edit

Tips for this page edit

  • Use Ctrl+F to search a language family, a language, a part of a language if there is (grammar, language stage), a book, an author or a reference code.

For each link, it is indicated:

  • Plain text:
    • the type of document.
      • frequent: book, paper, dictionary.
      • rare: journal, article, database, course.
    • the subject, or the title if it tells the it.
  • Between parentheses:
    • the language, if it is not English.
    • the website name, if frequent and not indicated.
    • the number of pages or entries if known.
    • the page and/or entry the link links to.
    • if a file exists.
      • if clicking on the link makes download a file.
      • if everything is on one webpage.
        • thus you can download everything downloading the webpage in .pdf with the download button on your browser in "..." on the top right corner.
      • if, on the website, a file is downloadable.
      • the file extension.
        • easily openable: .pdf, .doc.
        • hardly openable: .mhtml.
    • additional information.
      • if the link does not work or links to the top of the page.
  • the link itself.
  • the template associated to this link if it exists.
    • the parameters of the template.

Tips for frequent websites edit

Google books edit

For Google books, the link begins with https://books.google.com/books?id=, then the id, compounded of 12 characters. To access an entire book freely, follow these instructions.

  • After the id:
    • If there's for instance "&pg=PA147&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false":
      • Change to "1" the number after "&pg=PA", here it's 147 for page 147.
    • Else, if there's not this:
      • Remove everything after the id and put &pg=PA1&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false.
    • If you see the first page of the book and the other pages around, you have the right link.
  • If you don't have access to the book or if you only see the first page but the other pages around are still loading for several minutes:
    • Change ".com" (or the other domain name if not ".com") to ".ru", thus the book remains in english (because the id didn't change) and you have access to the book thanks to the Russian domain.
    • If some pages in the Russian version are not shown, change to another domain name because each page is disposable in at least one domain name.

Archive.org edit

  • Top-left corner:
    • On mobile, switch to one-page mode.
    • Zoom.
    • Search in the entire book.

Academia.edu edit

  • Download the file:
    • Click on the "Download" button then log in or simply put your email.
  • Loading pages:
    • Caution to ads, they appear suddenly between pages and make you lost your page.

Method to contribute edit

Something underlined means it's facultative, bold means it's facultative in a facultative thing.

  • Type of document on Subject or title (put links to Wikipedia articles or Wiktionary entries on the description) (also in{{l|language (if not english)|-}}, website name (if frequent and not indicated), --- pages/entries, here on page n°1 (recommended if it's the only specified thing) or that {{l|languagecode|entry}}, downloaded automatically in / downloadable this way in .extension / all in one webpage, additional information (click on the page to access the next one; but the link links to the top of the page)): [the link, if there's a template, put the exact link provided by it except if it doesn't work]

** (if there's a template linking to the knowledge) {{R:template name|parameters (page n°1, entry name, etc)}}

Templates edit

Templates are given first with a link to the first page or an example of entry so that you can click and access a page, then in the form displayed in Wiktionary entries. You can go in source editing and copy the template and just change the parameter to a specific page or entry. If a template itself does not provide the link, change its code to display the link or add it in entries just after the template.

  • A famous book on Middle Egyptian (Google books, 511 pages, here on page n°1): [1]
    • James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 1.
  • A dictionary on Tocharian B, part of Leiden Studies (TUE, 830 pages but numbers not shown, only entries, all in one webpage,here displaying *ṣar, but linking to the page top): [2]
  • An etymological dictionary of Albanian, part of Leiden Studies (TUE, all in one webpage, here displaying dorë, page n°140): [3]
    • Demiraj, B. (1997) “dorë”, in Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: […]] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7)‎[4] (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 140
  • A Greek-English Lexicon (Perseus, here on ἄλφα (álpha)): [5]
  • Le Grand Bailly, Ancient Greek-French Dictionary (French, Archive.org, 2193 pages, here on ἄλφα (álpha), no existing parameter, works with entry name): [6]
  • Ancient Greek-Spanish Dictionary (Spanish, here on ἄλφα (álpha)): [7]
  • Strong's Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible, for Hebrew and Ancient Greek entries (here on Greek (G), not Hebrew (H), entry n°1, i.e. ἄλφα (álpha)): [8]
  • The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project (here on ܐ, but linking to a bad entry page): [9]
    • “ˀ”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
  • A well-received book on Proto-Indo-European (Google books, 553 pages, here on page n°1): [10]
  • World loanword database, from the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology (1000-2000 entries for 41 languages, file:with the download button then choose your extension, here 10 for Lower Sorbian): [11]
  • A Crimean Tatar-Ukrainian dictionary (Ukrainian, file:downloaded automatically in .zip>.doc): [12]
    • Mirjejev, V. A., Usejinov, S. M. (2002) Ukrajinsʹko-krymsʹkotatarsʹkyj slovnyk [Ukrainian – Crimean Tatar Dictionary]‎[13], Simferopol: Dolya, →ISBN
  • A dictionary on Turkic languages (also in Russian and Kazakh, here on 𐰘𐱅𐰃 (jiti), page 110): [14]
    • Abuseitova, M. Kh, Bukhatuly, B., editors (2008), “𐰘𐰃𐱅𐰃”, in TÜRIK BITIG: Ethno Cultural Dictionary, Language Committee of Ministry of Culture and Information of Republic of Kazakhstan
  • An etymological dictionary on almost all Borean-included languages (also in Russian, Starling, here on Proto-Turkic *yẹt(t)i (“seven”), transcribed "*jẹt(t)i"): [15]
  • Indo-European etymological dictionary (also in German, Archive.org, here on *men-, volume II, page n°729, but the template itself provides a link to an Archive.org book, with volume, page (if one) and pages (if several), the following link provides a all-in-one page): [16]
  • A paper about Armenian (and in Russian, academia.edu, 137 pages (though links and summary go beyond), here on page n°1, file:with the "download pdf" button, then with email address, Google or account): [17]
  • A book on Mongolic phonology (563 pages, here on page n°1, file:downloaded automatically in .pdf): [19]
    • Nugteren, Hans (2011) Mongolic phonology and the Qinghai-Gansu languages (dissertation)‎[20], Utrecht: LOT, page 1
  • A reliable book on Proto-Semitic (Google books, 1286 pages, here on page n°1, but the template doesn't provide the following link): [21]
    • Weninger, Stefan (2011) “Introduction”, in Weninger, Stefan, editor, The Semitic Languages. An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft – Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science; 36), Berlin: De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 1
  • A book on Ancient Egyptian (Google books, 324 pages, here on pages n°1-2, but the template doesn't provide the following link): [22]
    • Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 1-2

Simple links edit

Found on Wikipedia and Wiktionary edit

  • A paper on Origin of Brahmi (Scribd, 42 pages, here on page n°1, file:with "download" button, then with email address, Google or Facebook account, unknown extension (add it if you downloaded it)): [23]
  • A complete Hittite course (Linguistics research center in university of Austin, Texas, 50 grammar points and plenty of texts in 10 lesson, here on the main page (linking to each lesson and grammar point), file:all in one page for the main page and each lesson page): [24]
  • Encyclopedia Britannica, a free encyclopedia like Wikipedia but with ads, (English only, here an article on history of writing systems): [25]
  • Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon project (CAL), a database for all Aramaic dialects (Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion (Cincinnati, USA), 3M parsed words, over 33k lemmas, 8k cross-references, 66k glosses, 80k citations, here on main page, file:each entry is gathered on one page): [26]
  • A dictionary of Turkic languages (& German & Russian, 400 entries gathered by English gloss, here on seven ie. the descendants of *yẹt(t)i (“seven”), file:each entry on one pags): [27]

To do edit

  • A lexicon on a lot of language (here on numerals in Chuvash): [28]
  • An etymological dictionary on almost all Borean-included languages (, reliable only for mainstream languages families, thus Proto-Turkic and Proto-Semitic reconstructions are valuable but Proto-Altaic and Proto-Afroasiatic are unlikely and tentative): [29]
  • A well received book on Proto-Afroasiatic language: [30]
  • A book on Proto-Afroasiatic language: [31]
  • A book on origin on semiosis (in semiotics): [32]
  • A book on linguistic diversity: [33]
  • Journal of the German oriental society (German, click on the page to access the next one): [34]
  • A paper on "Detecting regular sound changes in linguistics as events of concerted evolution" in the example of Turkic languages: [35]
  • A paper on historical aspects of Yakut (also spelled <Saxa> or <Sakha>) phonology: [36]
  • A book on the origins of writing (Google books, ): [37]
  • A book on the first writings (Google books, ): [38]
  • A book named "the international bible encyclopedia" (idk what does that do here) (Google books, ): [39]
  • A book on the Ancient world groundbreakings (Google books, ): [40]
  • A magazine on archeology: [41]
  • A book on the ancient Near east (Google books, ): [42]
  • "Cuneiform library", a cuneiform tablets database (Cornell university) : [43]
  • CDLI "Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative", a cuneiform tablets database (Columbia university) : [44]
  • "Archival collection", a cuneiform tablets database (all in one page) : [45]
  • A book on life in ancient Mesopotamia (Google books, ): [46]
  • An old book on two cuneiform inscriptions (French) : [47]
  • A website mostly on Hittite and cuneiform : [48]
  • A book on the world's writing systems (Archive.org) : [49]
  • A Sumerian lexicon : [50]
  • A book on the ancient Persian wedge inscriptions from Persepolis (German, Archive.org): [51]
  • A book on the researches into the physical history of mankind (Archive.org): [52]
  • A book on the persian cuneiform inscription at Behistun (Archive.org): [53]
  • A book on the archeology of cuneiform inscriptions (Archive.org): [54]
  • A book on the Semitic languages (Routledge handbooks, only the Chp. 3 "Proto-Semitic" is available without signing in): [55]
  • A book on "The Sound of Indo-European: Phonetics, Phonemics, and Morphophonemics" (Google books, ): [56]
  • A webpage on numbers in Afro-Asiatic and Caucasian languages ( see Afroasiatic consistency for the right URL): [www.zompist.com/mide.htm#afro]
  • A Proto-Austronesian database (here on entry n°27649 i.e. *qasiN): [57]
  • A reliable book on Proto-Omotic (Google books, ): [58]
  • A paper on ḫ–ḥ isogloss between East (Akkadian and Eblaite) and West Semitic: [59]
  • A book on Phoenician and Punic grammar (Google books, ): [60]
  • Hamito-Semitic (ie Afroasiatic) Etymological Dictionary (HSED), A Moscow school etymological dictionary of Proto-Afroasiatic (Google Books, ): [61]
  • A Handbook on the Proto-Semitic lexicon: [62]
  • A Semitic roots database: [www.semiticroots.net]
  • A book on Proto-Berber and Proto-Afroasiatic (French, Google Books, ): [63]
  • A reliable website of the BNF about writing systems (in French, here on Tifinagh): [64]
  • A website about the Phoenician civilisation, culture, and, the most important, language (in French, English, Spanish and Lebanon Arabic): [65]
  • A reliable website providing Aesop's fable "The North Wind and the Sun" in several languages and dialects in Western Europe, North Africa and Near East, with audio and transcription both in native writing system(s) and in romanization, whence one can deduce some vocabulary with some grammar (in French and in English, with parts in Spanish, Italian and Dutch): [66]

Borrowed from Mnemosientje's user page edit

Old High German (2),

Old Norse (2,

idem?),

Old Saxon,

Old Frisian

wiki

if his dictionaries are down, [67]

ISLEX Icelandic

Lesekorpus Althochdeutsch (texts w/ great annotations for students of OHG, OSX and Old Dutch)

database w/ various Dutch etym. dictionaries,

database of dialect dictionaries, even more dialect dictionaries, Old Dutch (Köbler), Corpus Gysseling online, very extensive pre-1301 Dutch corpus w/lemma and word-form search, Old, Middle and Modern Dutch + West Frisian dictionary search

Borrowed from Wikitiki89's user page edit

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