adnabod
Welsh edit
Etymology edit
From Middle Welsh adnabot, from an adjective form related to Proto-Celtic *ati-gninati (“to know”) (compare Old Irish ad·gnin) compounded with bod (“to be”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥néh₃ti, a nasal-infix present of *ǵneh₃- (“to know”).
The form adwaen is from Proto-Celtic *ati-uɸo-gninati.
Pronunciation edit
- (North Wales) IPA(key): /adˈnabɔd/
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /adˈna(ː)bɔd/
- Rhymes: -abɔd
Verb edit
adnabod (first-person singular present adwaen)
- to recognize (to match in memory; to know from a previous encounter)
- to know (be acquainted or familiar with)
Usage notes edit
In the literary language, this verb means ‘recognize’/‘know’ (in the sense of French connaître and German kennen); in the colloquial language it means only ‘recognize’, while ‘know’ is nabod.
Conjugation edit
Conjugation
Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | |
future | adnabydda i, adnabyddaf i | adnabyddi di | adnabyddith o/e/hi, adnabyddiff e/hi | adnabyddwn ni | adnabyddwch chi | adnabyddan nhw |
conditional | adnabyddwn i, adwaenwn i | adnabyddet ti, adwaenet ti | adnabyddai fo/fe/hi, adwaenai fo/fe/hi | adnabydden ni, adwaenen ni | adnabyddech chi, adwaenech chi | adnabydden nhw, adwaenen nhw |
preterite | adnabyddais i, adnabyddes i | adnabyddaist ti, adnabyddest ti | adnabyddodd o/e/hi | adnabyddon ni | adnabyddoch chi | adnabyddon nhw |
imperative | — | adnabydda | — | — | adnabyddwch} | — |
Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. |
Synonyms edit
- (to know (be acquainted or familiar with)): nabod (colloquial)
Derived terms edit
- adnabyddiaeth (“knowledge, acquaintance”)
- adnabyddus (“well-known”)
- cerdyn adnabod (“identity card, ID”)
- nabod (“to know (be acquainted or familiar with)”) (colloquial)
Mutation edit
Welsh mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
radical | soft | nasal | h-prothesis |
adnabod | unchanged | unchanged | hadnabod |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Further reading edit
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “adwaen”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies