bod
TranslingualEdit
SymbolEdit
bod
EnglishEdit
EtymologyEdit
Clipping of body. The "person" sense may alternatively derive from Scottish Gaelic bodach (“old man”) via Scots.[1]
PronunciationEdit
- (General American) IPA(key): /bɑd/
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /bɒd/
Audio (AU) (file) - Rhymes: -ɒd
NounEdit
bod (plural bods)
- (slang) The body.
- Fred likes to keep his bod in shape.
- 2008, BioWare, Mass Effect (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →ISBN, OCLC 246633669, PC, scene: Chora's Den, Citadel:
- Harkin: Hey there, sweetheart. You looking for some fun? 'Cause I gotta say that soldier getup looks real good on that bod of yours.
- (slang) A person.
- 2005, Richard Templar, The Rules of Management (page 73)
- There were cameras covering car parks, offices, corridors and storage areas in the basement. Result. The security bods started watching as if their lives depended on it.
- 2021 December 29, Stephen Roberts, “Stories and Facts behind railway plaques: Reading (1840)”, in RAIL, number 947, page 56:
- People such as William James and the Stephensons (with whom he collaborated) may have been the movers and shakers of the early railways, but there was other, less exalted bods who constructed all the paraphernalia - including stations.
- 2005, Richard Templar, The Rules of Management (page 73)
Derived termsEdit
See alsoEdit
ReferencesEdit
- ^ Chambers 21st Century Dictionary, "bod (noun)"
AnagramsEdit
CzechEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old Czech bod, from Proto-Slavic *bodъ.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
bod m
- (geometry) point
- (temperature) point
- bod mrazu ― freezing point
- item (of an agenda)
- (sports) point, mark
- stab
- 1866, Josef Bojislav Pichl (translator), Don Quijote de la Mancha[1], Praha: I. L. Kober, translation of original by Miguel de Cervantes, page 34:
- Na moutě duchu! zvolal po těch slovích Sancho; ať nedím tři tisíce šlehů, ale ani tři si nedám, jako nedal bych si tři body dýkou.
- "By all that's good," exclaimed Sancho at this, "I'll just as soon give myself three stabs with a dagger as three, not to say three thousand, lashes.
DeclensionEdit
Derived termsEdit
Related termsEdit
Further readingEdit
- bod in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
- bod in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989
- bod in Internetová jazyková příručka
AnagramsEdit
DanishEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Old Danish bōð, from Old East Norse bóð, from Proto-Germanic *bōþō (“building, dwelling”), cognate with Old West Norse búð, English booth, German Bude.
NounEdit
bod c (singular definite boden, plural indefinite boder)
InflectionEdit
Etymology 2Edit
From Old Norse bót, from Proto-Germanic *bōtō (“improvement, atonement”), cognate with Swedish bot, English boot, German Buße, Dutch boete. Doublet of bøde.
NounEdit
bod c (singular definite boden, not used in plural form)
Usage notesEdit
Now especially in the phrases gøre bod, råde bod.
InflectionEdit
common gender |
Singular | |
---|---|---|
indefinite | definite | |
nominative | bod | boden |
genitive | bods | bodens |
Derived termsEdit
- mandebod (“wergeld”)
DutchEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Middle Dutch bot, from Old Dutch *bot, from Proto-Germanic *budą.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
bod n (plural boden, diminutive bodje n)
Derived termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
- → Sranan Tongo: bot
IrishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Middle Irish bot (“tail; penis”), from Proto-Celtic *buzdos (“tail, penis”) (cf. Welsh both (“hub”), Breton bod (“bush, shrub”)), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *gʷosdʰos (“piece of wood”).
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
bod m (genitive singular boid, nominative plural boid)
DeclensionEdit
Derived termsEdit
- bodach (“lusty, virile”, adjective)
- bod an bhóthair (“vagrant, tramp”)
- bodán (“cat's-tail grass”)
- bod ar dris (“stonechat”)
- bod bréige (“dildo”)
- bodchú (“mongrel hound”)
- bod donn, bod rua (“cod”)
- bod gadhair (“cuckoo-pint”)
- bod gaoithe (“kestrel”)
- bod gorm (“goldsinny”)
- bodmhadra (“mongrel dog”)
- bod mór (“ling”)
- bod na dtor (“blackcap; vagrant, tramp”)
- bodúil (“coarse, rough; churlish, rude, surly”, adjective)
MutationEdit
Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Eclipsis |
bod | bhod | mbod |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Further readingEdit
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “bod”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 bot”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- Finck, F. N. (1899), Die araner mundart, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, vol. II, p. 47.
Norwegian NynorskEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old West Norse boð, from Proto-Germanic *budą (“offer, message”), cognate with Icelandic boð, Dutch bod, German Gebot.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
bod n (definite singular bodet, indefinite plural bod, definite plural boda)
- message
- Synonym: melding
- Eg kjem med bod.
- I come with a message.
- offer
- (in compounds) messenger, delivery man
- Postbod ― Mailman
Derived termsEdit
See alsoEdit
ReferencesEdit
- “bod” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old EnglishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Germanic *budą. Cognate with Old Norse boð.
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
bod n (nominative plural bodu)
DeclensionEdit
Derived termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
PolishEdit
EtymologyEdit
Borrowed from French baud, named after French telegraph engineer and inventor Jean-Maurice-Émile Baudot.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
bod m inan
DeclensionEdit
Further readingEdit
- bod in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- bod in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Scottish GaelicEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Middle Irish bot (“tail; penis”), from Proto-Celtic *buzdos (“tail, penis”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *gʷosdʰos (“piece of wood”).
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
bod m (genitive singular boid, plural boid)
MutationEdit
Scottish Gaelic mutation | |
---|---|
Radical | Lenition |
bod | bhod |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Further readingEdit
- Edward Dwelly (1911), “bod”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 bot”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Serbo-CroatianEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Proto-Slavic *bodъ.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
bȏd m (Cyrillic spelling бо̑д)
DeclensionEdit
SynonymsEdit
- (point): poen
Related termsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
bȏd m (Cyrillic spelling бо̑д)
DeclensionEdit
SwedishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old Swedish boþ, from Old Norse bóð (Compare Old West Norse búð), from Proto-Germanic *bōþō (“dwelling”).
NounEdit
bod c
DeclensionEdit
Declension of bod | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | bod | boden | bodar | bodarna |
Genitive | bods | bodens | bodars | bodarnas |
Derived termsEdit
Further readingEdit
- bod in Svensk ordbok.
VolapükEdit
EtymologyEdit
Borrowed from German Brot, English bread and Dutch brood.
NounEdit
bod (nominative plural bods)
DeclensionEdit
Derived termsEdit
WelshEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Middle Welsh bot, from Proto-Celtic *butā (cf. Cornish bos, Breton bout), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH- (“to be, become”); all the b- initial forms are from the same root. The vowel-initial forms as well as sy(dd) are from Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- (“to be”).
The present-progressive forms with yd- (ydwyf, etc.), and hence the colloquial present-affirmative forms with d- (dw, etc.), are from the affirmative particle yd.[1] Colloquial affirmative forms with r- (rwyt, roeddwn, etc.) are from the affirmative particle yr. Colloquial negative forms with d- (dydw, does, doeddwn, etc.) are from the negative particle nid.
The third-person singular present mae originally meant ‘here is’ and is from the same source as yma (“here”) plus Proto-Celtic *esti. The third-person plural maent (colloquial maen) is derived from the singular by adding the third-person plural verb ending -nt.
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
bod (first-person singular present wyf)
- to be
- there be (there is, there are etc.)
- (auxiliary)
- Used with yn to form various tenses with progressive or stative meaning
- Used with wedi to form various tenses with perfect meaning
- that... is, that... are, etc. (personal forms: (fy) mod i, (dy) fod di, (ei) fod e/o, (ei) bod hi, (ein) bod ni, (eich) bod chi, (eu) bod nhw)
- Dw i’n meddwl (ei) bod hi’n ddoniol. ― I think that she’s funny.
- Mae hi’n meddwl (fy) mod i’n dod. ― She thinks that I’m coming.
- Roedd Eleri yn dweud (dy) fod di’n sâl. ― Eleri was saying you were ill.
Usage notesEdit
- Bod is the primary auxiliary verb in Welsh, used to form a great number of periphrastic tenses; see Appendix:Welsh conjugation.
- The two conditional tense stems bydd- and bas- can be opted between freely, although bas- is more common when used alongside a counterfactual in (pe) tas-.
- The preterite is relatively rare and mostly interchangeable with the imperfect.
- In the tenses given here, all forms of bod must be linked to a noun, adjective or verb with yn, wedi, or some other similar particle.
- The existential sense ("there is") uses the distinct interrogative form oes and negative does, however the affirmative mae is the same as the main verb, as are all non-present tenses.
- Bod introduces a subordinate clause only when the corresponding main clause would begin with a form of bod (the verb "to be") in the present or imperfect tense (including perfect and pluperfect clauses with wedi).
- Nouns are preceded with bod, or fod if the preceding verb is conjugated.
ConjugationEdit
Colloquial forms | singular | plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
present | affirmative | dw i, dwi, rw i, rwy, w i | rwyt ti | mae e/o/hi, ma' fe; ydy, yw; sy |
dyn ni, dan ni, ŷn ni | dach chi, ych chi, dych chi | maen nhw |
negative | dydw i ddim, dw i ddim, w i ddim, sa i | dwyt ti ddim, ti ddim, so ti | dydy e/o/hi ddim, tydy o/hi ddim, dyw e/hi ddim, so fe/hi; does dim; sy ddim |
dyn ni ddim, dydyn ni ddim, dan ni ddim, dydan ni ddim, ŷn ni ddim, so ni | dydych chi ddim, dach chi ddim, dydach chi ddim, ych chi ddim, chi ddim, so chi | dydyn nhw ddim, ŷn nhw ddim, so nhw | |
interrogative | ydw i | wyt ti | ydy e/o/hi, yw e/hi; oes; sy |
ydan ni, ŷn ni | ydych chi, dach chi, ydach chi, ych chi | ydyn nhw, ŷn nhw | |
imperfect | affirmative | roeddwn i, o’n i | roeddet ti, o’t ti | roedd e/o/hi, oedd e/o/hi, o’dd e/o/hi | roedden ni, o’n ni | roeddech chi, o’ch chi | roedden nhw, o’n nhw |
negative | doeddwn i ddim, o’n i ddim, do’n i ddim | doeddet ti ddim, o’t ti ddim, do’t ti ddim | doedd e/o/hi ddim, oedd e/o/hi ddim, o’dd e/o/hi ddim, do’dd e/o/hi ddim | doedden ni ddim, o’n ni ddim, do’n ni ddim | doeddech chi ddim, o’ch chi ddim, do’ch chi ddim | doedden nhw ddim, o’n nhw ddim, do’n nhw ddim | |
interrogative | oeddwn i, o’n i | oeddet ti, o’t ti | oedd e/o/hi, oedd e/o/hi, o’dd e/o/hi | oedden ni, o’n ni | oeddech chi, o’ch chi | oedden nhw, o’n nhw | |
preterite | bues i | buest ti | buodd e/o/hi; bu |
buon ni | buoch chi | buon nhw | |
future | bydda i, ’dda i | byddi di | bydd e/o/hi | byddwn ni | byddwch chi | byddan nhw | |
conditional | byddwn i; baswn i, swn i |
byddet ti; baset ti, set ti |
byddai fe/fo/hi; basai fe/fo/hi, sa fo/hi, se fe/hi |
bydden ni; basen ni, sen ni |
byddech chi; basech chi, sech chi |
bydden nhw; basen nhw, sen nhw | |
counterfactual cond. forms used after optional pe |
taswn i, bawn i, tawn i | taset ti, baet ti, taet ti | tasai fe/fo/hi, bai fe/fo/hi, tai fe/fo/hi | tasen ni, baen ni, taen ni | tasech chi, baech chi, taech chi | tasen nhw, baen nhw, taen nhw | |
imperative | — | bydd, bydda | — | — | byddwch | — |
Derived termsEdit
MutationEdit
Welsh mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
bod | fod | mod | unchanged |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
ReferencesEdit
- ^ Morris Jones, John (1913) A Welsh Grammar, Historical and Comparative, Oxford: Clarendon Press, § 219 ii 1
Further readingEdit
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “bod”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies