affermir

French edit

Etymology edit

From a- +‎ ferme +‎ -ir.

Pronunciation edit

Audio (file)

Verb edit

affermir

to firm up
to strengthen
to make firmer
(reflexive) to become firmer, sharper or stronger
(reflexive) to firm up

Conjugation edit

This is a regular verb of the second conjugation, like finir, choisir, and most other verbs with infinitives ending in -ir. One salient feature of this conjugation is the repeated appearance of the infix -iss-.

Conjugation of affermir (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	compound	avoir + past participle
infinitive	simple	affermir
present participle or gerund¹	simple	affermissant /a.fɛʁ.mi.sɑ̃/
present participle or gerund¹	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		affermi /a.fɛʁ.mi/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	affermis /a.fɛʁ.mi/	affermis /a.fɛʁ.mi/	affermit /a.fɛʁ.mi/	affermissons /a.fɛʁ.mi.sɔ̃/	affermissez /a.fɛʁ.mi.se/	affermissent /a.fɛʁ.mis/
	imperfect	affermissais /a.fɛʁ.mi.sɛ/	affermissais /a.fɛʁ.mi.sɛ/	affermissait /a.fɛʁ.mi.sɛ/	affermissions /a.fɛʁ.mi.sjɔ̃/	affermissiez /a.fɛʁ.mi.sje/	affermissaient /a.fɛʁ.mi.sɛ/
	past historic²	affermis /a.fɛʁ.mi/	affermis /a.fɛʁ.mi/	affermit /a.fɛʁ.mi/	affermîmes /a.fɛʁ.mim/	affermîtes /a.fɛʁ.mit/	affermirent /a.fɛʁ.miʁ/
	future	affermirai /a.fɛʁ.mi.ʁe/	affermiras /a.fɛʁ.mi.ʁa/	affermira /a.fɛʁ.mi.ʁa/	affermirons /a.fɛʁ.mi.ʁɔ̃/	affermirez /a.fɛʁ.mi.ʁe/	affermiront /a.fɛʁ.mi.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	affermirais /a.fɛʁ.mi.ʁɛ/	affermirais /a.fɛʁ.mi.ʁɛ/	affermirait /a.fɛʁ.mi.ʁɛ/	affermirions /a.fɛʁ.mi.ʁjɔ̃/	affermiriez /a.fɛʁ.mi.ʁje/	affermiraient /a.fɛʁ.mi.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior²	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	affermisse /a.fɛʁ.mis/	affermisses /a.fɛʁ.mis/	affermisse /a.fɛʁ.mis/	affermissions /a.fɛʁ.mi.sjɔ̃/	affermissiez /a.fɛʁ.mi.sje/	affermissent /a.fɛʁ.mis/
(simple tenses)	imperfect²	affermisse /a.fɛʁ.mis/	affermisses /a.fɛʁ.mis/	affermît /a.fɛʁ.mi/	affermissions /a.fɛʁ.mi.sjɔ̃/	affermissiez /a.fɛʁ.mi.sje/	affermissent /a.fɛʁ.mis/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
(compound tenses)	pluperfect²	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	~~nous~~	~~vous~~	–
simple		—	affermis /a.fɛʁ.mi/	—	affermissons /a.fɛʁ.mi.sɔ̃/	affermissez /a.fɛʁ.mi.se/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
¹ The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
² In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).