finir
Catalan edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Old Catalan fenir (perhaps later influenced by fin), from Latin fīnīre.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
finir (first-person singular present fineixo, first-person singular preterite finí, past participle finit)
- (transitive, intransitive) to end, finish, conclude
- Synonyms: acabar, finalitzar, finar
Conjugation edit
infinitive | finir | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | finint | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | finit | finida | |||||
plural | finits | finides | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè |
nosaltres nós |
vosaltres vós |
ells/elles vostès | |
present | fineixo | fineixes | fineix | finim | finiu | fineixen | |
imperfect | finia | finies | finia | finíem | finíeu | finien | |
future | finiré | finiràs | finirà | finirem | finireu | finiran | |
preterite | finí | finires | finí | finírem | finíreu | finiren | |
conditional | finiria | finiries | finiria | finiríem | finiríeu | finirien | |
subjunctive | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè |
nosaltres nós |
vosaltres vós |
ells/elles vostès | |
present | fineixi | fineixis | fineixi | finim | finiu | fineixin | |
imperfect | finís | finissis | finís | finíssim | finíssiu | finissin | |
imperative | — | tu | vostè | nosaltres | vosaltres vós |
vostès | |
affirmative | — | fineix | fineixi | finim | finiu | fineixin | |
negative (no) | — | no fineixis | no fineixi | no finim | no finiu | no fineixin |
Further reading edit
- “finir” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
- “finir” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
- “finir”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
- “finir” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
Franco-Provençal edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
finir
Conjugation edit
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | finir | avêr fini | |||||
gerund | finessent | èyent fini | |||||
auxiliary verb | avêr | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | fini | [Term?] | |||||
plural | [Term?] | [Term?] | |||||
singular | plural | ||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
indicative | jo (j') | tu (t') | il/elli | nos | vos | ils | |
present | finésso | finés | finét | finéssens | finésséds | finéssont | |
imperfect | finéssien | finéssias | finéssiêt | finéssians | finéssiâds | finéssiant | |
preterite | fini | finis | finit | finirons | finites, finirâds | finiront | |
future | finiré | finirés | finirat | finirens | finiréds | finiront | |
conditional | finiren | finirias | finirêt | finirians | finiriâds | finiriant | |
compound tenses | present perfect | present indicative of avêr + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avêr + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | preterite indicative of avêr + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future indicative of avêr + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avêr + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j') | que te (t') | qu'il/el | que nos | que vos | qu'ils/els | |
present | finésso | finésses | finésse | finéssans | finéssiâds | finéssant | |
imperfect | finissen | finissias | finisse | finissians | finissiâds | finissant | |
compound tenses | past | present subjunctive of avêr + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avêr + past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | te | — | nos | vos | — | |
finés | finéssens | finésséds |
French edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Middle French finir, from Middle French fenir (altered by association with fin), from Latin fīnīre.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
finir
Conjugation edit
This is a regular verb of the second conjugation, like nourrir, choisir, and most other verbs with infinitives ending in -ir. One salient feature of this conjugation is the repeated appearance of the infix -iss-.
infinitive | simple | finir | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
present participle or gerund1 | simple | finissant /fi.ni.sɑ̃/ | |||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
past participle | fini /fi.ni/ | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | finis /fi.ni/ |
finis /fi.ni/ |
finit /fi.ni/ |
finissons /fi.ni.sɔ̃/ |
finissez /fi.ni.se/ |
finissent /fi.nis/ |
imperfect | finissais /fi.ni.sɛ/ |
finissais /fi.ni.sɛ/ |
finissait /fi.ni.sɛ/ |
finissions /fi.ni.sjɔ̃/ |
finissiez /fi.ni.sje/ |
finissaient /fi.ni.sɛ/ | |
past historic2 | finis /fi.ni/ |
finis /fi.ni/ |
finit /fi.ni/ |
finîmes /fi.nim/ |
finîtes /fi.nit/ |
finirent /fi.niʁ/ | |
future | finirai /fi.ni.ʁe/ |
finiras /fi.ni.ʁa/ |
finira /fi.ni.ʁa/ |
finirons /fi.ni.ʁɔ̃/ |
finirez /fi.ni.ʁe/ |
finiront /fi.ni.ʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | finirais /fi.ni.ʁɛ/ |
finirais /fi.ni.ʁɛ/ |
finirait /fi.ni.ʁɛ/ |
finirions /fi.ni.ʁjɔ̃/ |
finiriez /fi.ni.ʁje/ |
finiraient /fi.ni.ʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | finisse /fi.nis/ |
finisses /fi.nis/ |
finisse /fi.nis/ |
finissions /fi.ni.sjɔ̃/ |
finissiez /fi.ni.sje/ |
finissent /fi.nis/ |
imperfect2 | finisse /fi.nis/ |
finisses /fi.nis/ |
finît /fi.ni/ |
finissions /fi.ni.sjɔ̃/ |
finissiez /fi.ni.sje/ |
finissent /fi.nis/ | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | finis /fi.ni/ |
— | finissons /fi.ni.sɔ̃/ |
finissez /fi.ni.se/ |
— | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Further reading edit
- “finir”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Ido edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
finir
- past infinitive of finar
Interlingua edit
Etymology edit
From French.
Verb edit
finir
- to finish
Conjugation edit
infinitive | finir | ||
---|---|---|---|
participle | present | perfect | |
finiente | finite | ||
active | simple | perfect | |
present | fini | ha finite | |
past | finiva | habeva finite | |
future | finira | habera finite | |
conditional | finirea | haberea finite | |
imperative | fini | ||
passive | simple | perfect | |
present | es finite | ha essite finite | |
past | esseva finite | habeva essite finite | |
future | essera finite | habera essite finite | |
conditional | esserea finite | haberea essite finite | |
imperative | sia finite |
Middle French edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Old French finir.
Verb edit
finir
- (transitive, intransitive) to finish; to end
- Synonym: achever
Conjugation edit
- Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
infinitive | simple | finir | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
present participle1 or gerund2 | simple | finissant | |||||
compound | present participle or gerund of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past participle | fini | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ie (i’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ilz, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | finis | finis | finit | finissons | finissez | finissent |
imperfect | finissois, finissoys | finissois, finissoys | finissoit, finissoyt | finissions | finissiez | finissoient, finissoyent | |
past historic | finis | finis | finit | finismes | finistes | finirent | |
future | finirai, finiray | finiras | finira | finirons | finirez | finiront | |
conditional | finirois, finiroys | finirois, finiroys | finiroit, finiroyt | finirions | finiriez | finiroient, finiroyent | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ie (i’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ilz, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | finisse | finisses | finisse | finissions | finissiez | finissent |
imperfect | finisse | finisses | finist | finissions | finissiez | finissent | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | finis | — | finissons | finissez | — | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], Une esthétique nouvelle: Honoré d'Urfé, correcteur de l'Astrée, p. 179). The French Academy would eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679. | |||||||
2 The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with preposition en, as in Modern French, although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], op. cit., p. 180). |
Descendants edit
- French: finir
References edit
- Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l’ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IXe au XVe siècle (1881) (finir, supplement)
Norman edit
Etymology edit
From Old French finir, from Latin fīnīre.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
finir
- to finish
- Antonym: coumenchier
Conjugation edit
infinitive | finir | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | finissant | ||||||
auxiliary | aveir1 | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | fini | finie | |||||
plural | finis | finies | |||||
singular | plural | ||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
indicative | je (j') | tu (t') | il, alle, nos |
je (nos) |
vos | il, alles | |
present | finis | finis | finit | finissoms | finissez | finissent | |
imperfect | finisseis | finisseis | finisseit | finissioms | finissiez | finisseient | |
preterite | finis | finis | finit | finîmes | finîtes | finîtrent | |
future | finirai | finiras | finira | finiroms | finirez | finiront | |
conditional | finireis | finireis | finireit | finirioms | finiriez | finireient | |
subjunctive | que je (j') | que te (t') | qu'il, qu'alle, que nos |
que je (que nos) |
que vos | qu'il, qu'alles | |
present | finisse | finisses | finisse | finissioms | finissiez | finissent | |
imperfect | finisse | finisse | finît finisse |
finissioms | finissiez | finissent | |
imperative | — | tu | — | je (nos) |
vos | — | |
finis | finissoms | finissez | |||||
1Used with past participles. |
Old French edit
Verb edit
finir
- Alternative form of finer
Conjugation edit
This verb conjugates as a second-group verb (ending in -ir, with an -iss- infix). Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | finir | avoir fini | |||||
gerund | en finissant | gerund of avoir + past participle | |||||
present participle | finissant | ||||||
past participle | fini | ||||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
simple tenses |
present | finis | finis | finist | finissons | finissez | finissent |
imperfect | finissoie, finisseie | finissoies, finisseies | finissoit, finisseit | finissiiens, finissiens | finissiiez, finissiez | finissoient, finisseient | |
preterite | fini | finis | fini | finimes | finistes | finirent | |
future | finirai | finiras | finira | finirons | finiroiz, finireiz, finirez | finiront | |
conditional | finiroie, finireie | finiroies, finireies | finiroit, finireit | finiriiens, finiriens | finiriiez, finiriez | finiroient, finireient | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | present tense of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | preterite tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
simple tenses |
present | finisse | finisses | finisse | finissons | finissez | finissent |
imperfect | finisse | finisses | finist | finissons, finissiens | finissoiz, finissez, finissiez | finissent | |
compound tenses |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
— | finis | — | finissons | finissez | — |
Spanish edit
Etymology edit
From an alteration of Old Spanish fenir (influenced by fin), from Latin fīnīre. Cf. also the doublet fenecer.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
finir (first-person singular present fino, first-person singular preterite finí, past participle finido)
- (intransitive, obsolete) to end
- (intransitive, Colombia) to end
Conjugation edit
infinitive | finir | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | finiendo | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | finido | finida | |||||
plural | finidos | finidas | |||||
singular | plural | ||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
indicative | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | fino | finestú finísvos |
fine | finimos | finís | finen | |
imperfect | finía | finías | finía | finíamos | finíais | finían | |
preterite | finí | finiste | finió | finimos | finisteis | finieron | |
future | finiré | finirás | finirá | finiremos | finiréis | finirán | |
conditional | finiría | finirías | finiría | finiríamos | finiríais | finirían | |
subjunctive | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | fina | finastú finásvos2 |
fina | finamos | fináis | finan | |
imperfect (ra) |
finiera | finieras | finiera | finiéramos | finierais | finieran | |
imperfect (se) |
finiese | finieses | finiese | finiésemos | finieseis | finiesen | |
future1 | finiere | finieres | finiere | finiéremos | finiereis | finieren | |
imperative | — | tú vos |
usted | nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ustedes | |
affirmative | finetú finívos |
fina | finamos | finid | finan | ||
negative | no finas | no fina | no finamos | no fináis | no finan |
Related terms edit
Further reading edit
- “finir”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Venetian edit
Etymology edit
From Latin fīnīre. Compare Italian finire.
Verb edit
finir
- (transitive) to finish, end, complete
Conjugation edit
- Venetian conjugation varies from one region to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
infinitive | finir | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
auxiliary verb | aver | gerund | finéndo | |||
past participle | finito, finìo | |||||
person | singular | plural | ||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | |
indicative | mi | ti | eło / eła | noialtri / noialtre | voialtri / voialtre | łuri / łore |
present | finiso | (te) finisi | (el/ła) finise | finimo | finì | (i/łe) finise |
imperfect | finìa | (te) finivi | (el/ła) finìa | finìvimo | finivi | (i/łe) finìa |
future | finirò | (te) finirè | (el/ła) finirà | finirémo | finirè | (i/łe) finirà |
conditional | mi | ti | eło / eła | noialtri / noialtre | voialtri / voialtre | łuri / łore |
present | finirìa | (te) finirisi | (el/ła) finirìa | finirìsimo | finirisi | (i/łe) finirìa |
subjunctive | che mi | che ti | che eło / eła | che noialtri / noialtre | che voialtri / voialtre | che łuri / łore |
present | finisa | (te) finisi | (el/ła) finisa | finimo | finì | (i/łe) finisa |
imperfect | finise | (te) finisi | (el/ła) finise | finisimo | finisi | (i/łe) finise |
imperative | — | ti | eło / eła | noialtri / noialtre | voialtri / voialtre | łuri / łore |
— | (te) finisi | (el/ła) finisa | finimo | finì | (i/łe) finisa |