apstal

Irish

Noun

apstal m (genitive singular apstail, nominative plural apstail)

1. Alternative form of aspal (“apostle”)

Declension

Declension of apstal

First declension

Bare forms: Case Singular Plural Nominative apstal apstail Vocative a apstail a apstala Genitive apstail apstal Dative apstal apstail

Forms with the definite article: Case Singular Plural Nominative an t-apstal na hapstail Genitive an apstail na n-apstal Dative leis an apstal don apstal leis na hapstail

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Eclipsis	with h-prothesis	with t-prothesis
apstal	n-apstal	hapstal	t-apstal
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “apstal”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

Old Irish

Alternative forms

• abstal, apstol

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin apostolus, from Ancient Greek ἀπόστολος (apóstolos, “one sent forth, apostle”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈabstal/

Noun

apstal m

1. (Christianity) apostle
   • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 18^d14

     Ní airegdu a persan-som ol·daas persan na n‑abstal olchene, ceto thoísegu i n‑iriss.

     Their persons are not more eminent than the persons of the rest of the apostles, though they are prior in faith.

     (literally, “Their person is not … than the person of …”)

   • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 20^c21

     Is dó da·gníat: maith leu indocbál apstal doib et ní fodmat ingreimm ar chroich Críst.

     It is for this they do it: they like to have the glory of apostles, and they do not endure persecution for the cross of Christ.

   • c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 38^c3

     Ní hé apstal cita·rogab in testimin so. Aliter: Ní fou da·uc int apstal fon chéill fuand·rogab in fáith.

     It is not (the) apostle who first uttered this text. Otherwise: The apostle did not apply it in the sense in which the prophet uttered it.

Inflection

Masculine o-stem
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	apstal, apstol	apstalL, apstol	apstailL, apstil
Vocative	apstail, apstil	apstalL, apstol	apstaluH
Accusative	apstalN, apstol	apstalL, apstol	apstaluH
Genitive	apstailL, apstil	apstal, apstol	apstalN, apstol
Dative	apstulL	apstalaib	apstalaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective: H = triggers aspiration L = triggers lenition N = triggers nasalization

Derived terms

• apstalacda
• apstalda
• apstalacht

Descendants

• Irish: aspal
• Manx: ostyl
• Scottish Gaelic: abstol, ostal

Mutation

Old Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
apstal (pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments)	unchanged	n-apstal
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “apstal”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language