Icelandic

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Old Norse beygja, from Proto-Germanic *baugijaną.

Verb

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beygja (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative beygði, supine beygt)

  1. to bend [with accusative]
    Synonym: sveigja
  2. (intransitive) to turn
    beygja til hægri.
    To turn to the right.
  3. (grammar, transitive) to inflect
Conjugation
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beygja – active voice (germynd)
infinitive nafnháttur beygja
supine sagnbót beygt
present participle
beygjandi
indicative
subjunctive
present
past
present
past
singular ég beygi beygði beygi beygði
þú beygir beygðir beygir beygðir
hann, hún, það beygir beygði beygi beygði
plural við beygjum beygðum beygjum beygðum
þið beygið beygðuð beygið beygðuð
þeir, þær, þau beygja beygðu beygi beygðu
imperative boðháttur
singular þú beyg (þú), beygðu
plural þið beygið (þið), beygiði1
1 Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.
beygjast – mediopassive voice (miðmynd)
infinitive nafnháttur beygjast
supine sagnbót beygst
present participle
beygjandist (rare; see appendix)
indicative
subjunctive
present
past
present
past
singular ég beygist beygðist beygist beygðist
þú beygist beygðist beygist beygðist
hann, hún, það beygist beygðist beygist beygðist
plural við beygjumst beygðumst beygjumst beygðumst
þið beygist beygðust beygist beygðust
þeir, þær, þau beygjast beygðust beygist beygðust
imperative boðháttur
singular þú beygst (þú), beygstu
plural þið beygist (þið), beygisti1
1 Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.
beygður — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)
strong declension
(sterk beyging)
singular (eintala) plural (fleirtala)
masculine
(karlkyn)
feminine
(kvenkyn)
neuter
(hvorugkyn)
masculine
(karlkyn)
feminine
(kvenkyn)
neuter
(hvorugkyn)
nominative
(nefnifall)
beygður beygð beygt beygðir beygðar beygð
accusative
(þolfall)
beygðan beygða beygt beygða beygðar beygð
dative
(þágufall)
beygðum beygðri beygðu beygðum beygðum beygðum
genitive
(eignarfall)
beygðs beygðrar beygðs beygðra beygðra beygðra
weak declension
(veik beyging)
singular (eintala) plural (fleirtala)
masculine
(karlkyn)
feminine
(kvenkyn)
neuter
(hvorugkyn)
masculine
(karlkyn)
feminine
(kvenkyn)
neuter
(hvorugkyn)
nominative
(nefnifall)
beygði beygða beygða beygðu beygðu beygðu
accusative
(þolfall)
beygða beygðu beygða beygðu beygðu beygðu
dative
(þágufall)
beygða beygðu beygða beygðu beygðu beygðu
genitive
(eignarfall)
beygða beygðu beygða beygðu beygðu beygðu
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Noun

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beygja f (genitive singular beygju, nominative plural beygjur)

  1. bend, curve
  2. turn
    Snörp beygja.
    A sharp turn.
Declension
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Declension of beygja (feminine)
singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative beygja beygjan beygjur beygjurnar
accusative beygju beygjuna beygjur beygjurnar
dative beygju beygjunni beygjum beygjunum
genitive beygju beygjunnar beygja, beygna beygjanna, beygnanna

Old Norse

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Etymology

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From Proto-Germanic *baugijaną.

Verb

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beygja (past participle beygðr)

  1. to bend, bow

Conjugation

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Conjugation of beygja — active (weak class 1)
infinitive beygja
present participle beygjandi
past participle beygðr
indicative subjunctive
present past present past
1st person singular beygi beygða beygja beygða
2nd person singular beygir beygðir beygir beygðir
3rd person singular beygir beygði beygi beygði
1st person plural beygjum beygðum beygim beygðim
2nd person plural beygið beygðuð beygið beygðið
3rd person plural beygja beygðu beygi beygði
imperative present
2nd person singular beyg, beygi
1st person plural beygjum
2nd person plural beygið
Conjugation of beygja — mediopassive (weak class 1)
infinitive beygjask
present participle beygjandisk
past participle beygzk
indicative subjunctive
present past present past
1st person singular beygjumk beygðumk beygjumk beygðumk
2nd person singular beygisk beygðisk beygisk beygðisk
3rd person singular beygisk beygðisk beygisk beygðisk
1st person plural beygjumsk beygðumsk beygimsk beygðimsk
2nd person plural beygizk beygðuzk beygizk beygðizk
3rd person plural beygjask beygðusk beygisk beygðisk
imperative present
2nd person singular beygsk, beygisk
1st person plural beygjumsk
2nd person plural beygizk

Descendants

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  • Icelandic: beygja
  • Faroese: boyggja
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: bøygja, bøya
  • Old Swedish: bø̄ghia
  • Danish: bøje

Further reading

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  • Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “beygja”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive