cían

See also: Appendix:Variations of "cian"

Old Irish

FWOTD – 11 December 2021

Alternative forms

• cén

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *kēnos.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kʲiːa̯n/

Adjective

cían

1. far, distant

   Antonym: ocus

   • c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 119^d10

     .i. is cían etarru.

     It is far between them.

   • c. 845, St Gall Glosses on Priscian, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1975, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, pp. 49–224, Sg. 151^b2

     im fochróib bá chían

     whether at hand or afar

   • c. 895–901, Vita tripartita Sancti Patricii, published in Bethu Phátraic: The tripartite life of Patrick (1939, Hodges, Figgis), edited and with translations by Kathleen Mulchrone, line 2047

     "Fot·uigeb-sa dano," ol Pátraic, "hi cill napa ro-ocus arnapa dimicnithi: nípa ró-chian dano co róastar immathigid etronn."

     "I will leave you, then," said Patrick, "in a church that shall not be very near lest you be despised [???], and shall not be very far, so that mutual visiting between us may be continued.

2. long-lasting
   • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 28^c25

     Nípi cían a masse in choirp.

     The beauty of the body is not long-lasting.

Declension

o/ā-stem
Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	cían	cían	cían
Vocative	céin* cían**
Accusative	cían	céin
Genitive	céin	céine	céin
Dative	cían	céin	cían
Plural	Masculine	Feminine/neuter
Nominative	céin	cíana
Vocative	cíanu cíana†
Accusative	cíanu cíana†
Genitive	cían
Dative	cíanaib
Notes	*modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative **modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative † not when substantivized

Derived terms

• céin, in céin (“since”, conjunction)

Descendants

• Middle Irish: cían
  • Irish: cian
  • Scottish Gaelic: cian

Mutation

Old Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
cían	chían	cían pronounced with /ɡ(ʲ)-/
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “cían”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Spain) /ˈθian/ [ˈθi.ãn]
• IPA^(key): (Latin America) /ˈsian/ [ˈsi.ãn]
• Rhymes: -ian
• Syllabification: cí‧an

Verb

cían

1. third-person plural present indicative of ciar