ocus
Middle Irish
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editFrom Old Irish ocus, see there for more.
Pronunciation
editConjunction
editocus (abbreviated ⁊)
Descendants
editAdverb
editocus
- also
- c. 1000, “The Tale of Mac Da Thó's Pig”, in Ernst Windisch, editor, Irische Texte, volume 1, published 1800, section 1:
- I n‑oen uair dana tancatar ocus techta Conchobair mic Nessa do chungid in chon chetna.
- At the same time, then, messengers came also from Conchobar Mac Nessa to ask for the same dog.
Mutation
editMiddle Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
ocus | unchanged | n-ocus |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Further reading
edit- Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “2 ocus”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Old Irish
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Celtic *adgostus (“near”), with the initial o- arising under the influence of oc (“at”). Cognate to Welsh agos.[1]
Pronunciation
editConjunction
editocus (abbreviated ⁊)
Descendants
editAdjective
editocus (comparative nessa, superlative nessam)
- near
- c. 845, St Gall Glosses on Priscian, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1975, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, pp. 49–224, Sg. 138a2, 3
- écndairc cian ... ecṅdairc ocus
- (glosses personae absenti vel quasi absenti; lit. “absent near”, i.e. though present regarded as absent)
- écndairc cian ... ecṅdairc ocus
- c. 895–901, Vita tripartita Sancti Patricii, published in Bethu Phátraic: The tripartite life of Patrick (1939, Hodges, Figgis), edited and with translations by Kathleen Mulchrone, line 2047
- "Fot·uigeb-sa dano," ol Pátraic, "hi cill napa ro-ocus arnapa dimicnithi: nípa ró-chian dano co róastar immathigid etronn."
- "I will leave you, then," said Patrick, "in a church that shall not be very near lest you be despised [???], and shall not be very far, so that mutual visiting between us may be continued.
- c. 845, St Gall Glosses on Priscian, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1975, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, pp. 49–224, Sg. 138a2, 3
- close (of a relationship)
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 9c32
- is acus a coibdelag
- near is their kinship
- c. 808, Félire Oengusso, Epilogue, line 229; republished as Whitley Stokes, transl., Félire Óengusso Céli Dé: The Martyrology of Oengus the Culdee, Harrison & Sons, 1905:
- Ind rígrad do·ruirmius, is ocus ar cundu, iar tuirim a féle do·rimiub a ndrungu.
- The kingsfolk I have recounted, close is our friendship; after reckoning their feasts, I will number their troops.
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 9c32
Usage notes
editOften followed by preposition do.
Inflection
editu-stem | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
Nominative | ocus | ocus | ocus |
Vocative | ocus | ||
Accusative | ocus | ocuis | |
Genitive | ocuis | oicse | ocuis |
Dative | ocus | ocuis | ocus |
Plural | Masculine | Feminine/neuter | |
Nominative | oicsi | oicsi | |
Vocative | oicsi | ||
Accusative | oicsi | ||
Genitive | * | ||
Dative | oicsib | ||
Notes | *not attested in Old Irish; same as nominative singular masculine in Middle Irish |
Descendants
editNoun
editocus ?
Inflection
editOnly the dative singular ocus is used due to generally requiring the preposition i (“in”).
Mutation
editOld Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
ocus (pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments) |
unchanged | n-ocus |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
References
editFurther reading
edit- Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 ocus, acus “near””, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “2 ocus “and””, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- Thurneysen, Rudolf (1940, reprinted 2017) D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, § 373, page 235
Categories:
- Middle Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Middle Irish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵʰes-
- Middle Irish terms inherited from Old Irish
- Middle Irish terms derived from Old Irish
- Middle Irish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Middle Irish lemmas
- Middle Irish conjunctions
- Middle Irish adverbs
- Middle Irish terms with quotations
- Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Irish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵʰes-
- Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic
- Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- Old Irish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Irish lemmas
- Old Irish conjunctions
- Old Irish adjectives
- Old Irish terms with quotations
- Old Irish u-stem adjectives
- Old Irish nouns