chernozem

English

Chernozem or chernozem-like black earth in New York.

Alternative forms

• chernosem, tschernosem, tchernozem, tchornozem

Etymology

Borrowed from Russian чернозём (černozjóm, “black soil”). The letter ё (jo) is usually written as е (je) in Russian, more accurately transliterated as "chernozyom"; compare чернозе́мье (černozémʹje), where ё (jo) is changed to е (je).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈt͡ʃɜː(ɹ)nəˌzɛm/

Noun

chernozem (countable and uncountable, plural chernozems)

1. A fertile black soil containing a very high percentage of humus (3% to 15%) and high percentages of phosphoric acids, phosphorus and ammonia.
   • 1863, Justus Freiherr von Liebig, The Natural Laws of Husbandry:

     The experiments made by the beet-root growers of the extensive tract of land in Russia, known as the Tschernosem or 'Black soil', whose fertility for corn plants is proverbial, show that this earth, though analytically proved to contain upon the whole, to the depth of twenty inches, 700 to 1000 times the quantity of potash required for a full beet-root crop, is, after three or four years' cultivation, so exhausted, that without manuring it will no longer yield a remunerative crop of beetroot.

Synonyms

• black earth

Derived terms

• Chernozemic

Translations

black-coloured soil containing a high percentage of humus

• Belarusian: чарназём m (čarnazjóm)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 黑土 (zh) (hēitǔ), 黑鈣土／黑钙土 (zh) (hēigàitǔ)

• Czech: černozem f
• Finnish: tšernozem, mustamulta (fi), mustamultamaannos
• French: tchernoziom (fr) m, tchernozème (fr) m
• German: Schwarzerde (de) f, Tschernosem (de) n
• Ingrian: mussanmaa
• Italian: černozëm m
• Japanese: 黒土 (ja) (こくど, kokudo), チェルノゼム (cherunozemu), チェルノジョーム (cherunojōmu)
• Korean: 흑토 (ko) (heukto), 체르노젬 (chereunojem), 체르노죰 (chereunojom)
• Polish: czarnoziem (pl) m
• Portuguese: chernozem m
• Russian: чернозём (ru) m (černozjóm)
• Slovene: černozem m
• Spanish: chernozem m
• Swedish: svartjord (sv) c
• Ukrainian: чорно́зем m (čornózem)
• Vietnamese: đất đen, hắc thổ, secnôziom

See also

• dark earth
• greyzem
• kastanozem
• phaeozem
• rubrozem
• sierozem
• terra preta

Portuguese

Etymology

Borrowed from Russian чернозём (černozjóm)

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ʃeʁˈnɔ.zẽj̃/ [ʃeɦˈnɔ.zẽɪ̯̃]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ʃeʁˈnɔ.zẽj̃/ [ʃeɦˈnɔ.zẽɪ̯̃]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /ʃeɾˈnɔ.zẽj̃/ [ʃeɾˈnɔ.zẽɪ̯̃]
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /ʃeʁˈnɔ.zẽj̃/ [ʃeʁˈnɔ.zẽɪ̯̃]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /ʃeɻˈnɔ.zẽj̃/ [ʃeɻˈnɔ.zẽɪ̯̃]

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ʃɨɾˈnɔ.zɐ̃j̃/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ʃɨɾˈnɔ.zɐ̃j̃/
  • (Northern Portugal) IPA^(key): /t͡ʃɨɾˈnɔ.zɐ̃j̃/

• Hyphenation: cher‧no‧zem

Noun

chernozem m (plural chernozens)

1. chernozem (black-coloured soil containing a high percentage of humus)