humus
English edit
Etymology 1 edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
humus (usually uncountable, plural humuses)
- A large group of natural organic compounds, found in the soil, formed from the chemical and biological decomposition of plant and animal residues and from the synthetic activity of microorganisms.
Hypernyms edit
Meronyms edit
Translations edit
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See also edit
Etymology 2 edit
Borrowed from Turkish humus or Arabic حُمُّص (ḥummuṣ).
Noun edit
humus (uncountable)
- Alternative spelling of hummus (“chickpea dip”)
Anagrams edit
Catalan edit
Etymology edit
Learned borrowing from Latin humus (“earth, soil”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
humus m (plural humusos)
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Further reading edit
- “humus” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
Czech edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
humus m inan
Declension edit
Further reading edit
Dutch edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
humus m (uncountable)
Derived terms edit
Finnish edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
humus
Declension edit
Inflection of humus (Kotus type 39/vastaus, no gradation) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | humus | humukset | ||
genitive | humuksen | humusten humuksien | ||
partitive | humusta | humuksia | ||
illative | humukseen | humuksiin | ||
singular | plural | |||
nominative | humus | humukset | ||
accusative | nom. | humus | humukset | |
gen. | humuksen | |||
genitive | humuksen | humusten humuksien | ||
partitive | humusta | humuksia | ||
inessive | humuksessa | humuksissa | ||
elative | humuksesta | humuksista | ||
illative | humukseen | humuksiin | ||
adessive | humuksella | humuksilla | ||
ablative | humukselta | humuksilta | ||
allative | humukselle | humuksille | ||
essive | humuksena | humuksina | ||
translative | humukseksi | humuksiksi | ||
abessive | humuksetta | humuksitta | ||
instructive | — | humuksin | ||
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
- “humus”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02
French edit
Pronunciation edit
Audio (file)
Noun edit
humus m (uncountable)
Further reading edit
- “humus”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Italian edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
humus m (invariable)
Further reading edit
- humus in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana
Latin edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Italic *homos, from earlier *xomos, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰǵʰomós, from *dʰéǵʰōm (“earth”), from earlier **dʰéǵʰoms through internal reconstruction. Cognates include Sanskrit क्ष (kṣa), Ancient Greek χθών (khthṓn), and Old Church Slavonic землꙗ (zemlja). Related to homō (“human being, man”).[1]
Pronunciation edit
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈhu.mus/, [ˈhʊmʊs̠]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈu.mus/, [ˈuːmus]
Noun edit
humus f (genitive humī); second declension
- ground, floor
- earth, soil
- 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 4.559–560:
- [Triptolemus] prīmus arābit et seret et culta praemia tollet humō
- [Triptolemus] will be the first to plow and sow and take away the rewards from cultivated soil.
(See Triptolemus, Demophon of Eleusis, and Celeus for the ancient Greek myths about a royal family who are presented as humble country folk in the Fasti.)
- [Triptolemus] will be the first to plow and sow and take away the rewards from cultivated soil.
- [Triptolemus] prīmus arābit et seret et culta praemia tollet humō
Declension edit
Second-declension noun, with locative.
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | humus | humī |
Genitive | humī | humōrum |
Dative | humō | humīs |
Accusative | humum | humōs |
Ablative | humō humū |
humīs |
Vocative | hume | humī |
Locative | humī | — |
humus is one of a handful of common nouns that take the locative case (humī); other such nouns include domus and rūs. Also, irregular ablative singular humū once used by Varro.
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
- → Armenian: հումուս (humus)
- → Czech: humus
- → Dutch: humus
- → English: humus
- → Finnish: humus
- → French: humus
- → Turkish: humus
- → Galician: humus
- → German: Humus
- → Greek: χούμος (choúmos)
- → Irish: húmas
- → Italian: umus
- → Malay: humus
- → Polish: humus
- → Portuguese: húmus, humo
- → Romanian: humus, humă
- → Russian: гу́мус (gúmus)
- → Serbo-Croatian: ху́мус (húmus)
- → Spanish: humus
- → Swedish: humus
References edit
- “humus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “humus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- humus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “humus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 292
Polish edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Alternative forms edit
Noun edit
humus m inan
- hummus (Levantine Arab dip made of chickpea paste with various additions, such as olive oil, fresh garlic, lemon juice, and tahini, often eaten with pitta bread, or as a meze)
Declension edit
Etymology 2 edit
Learned borrowing from Latin humus.
Noun edit
humus m inan (related adjective humusowy)
- (literary) humus (large group of natural organic compounds, found in the soil, formed from the chemical and biological decomposition of plant and animal residues and from the synthetic activity of microorganisms)
- Synonym: próchnica
Declension edit
Further reading edit
Romanian edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from French humus, from Latin humus.
Noun edit
humus n (uncountable)
- humus (in the soil)
Declension edit
Serbo-Croatian edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
húmus m (Cyrillic spelling ху́мус)
Declension edit
Spanish edit
Noun edit
humus m (plural humus)
Further reading edit
- “humus”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Swedish edit
Noun edit
humus c
Declension edit
Declension of humus | ||||
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Uncountable | ||||
Indefinite | Definite | |||
Nominative | humus | humusen | — | — |
Genitive | humus | humusens | — | — |
References edit
Turkish edit
Etymology 1 edit
Noun edit
humus (definite accusative humusu, plural humuslar)
Declension edit
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Nominative | humus | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Definite accusative | humusu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Singular | Plural | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Nominative | humus | humuslar | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Definite accusative | humusu | humusları | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dative | humusa | humuslara | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Locative | humusta | humuslarda | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ablative | humustan | humuslardan | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Genitive | humusun | humusların | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Etymology 2 edit
Noun edit
humus (definite accusative humusu, plural humuslar)
References edit
- “humus”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu