chromosome

English edit

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chromosome

An illustration of chromosome, with its parts. (1) Chromatid. One of the two identical parts of the chromosome after S phase. (2) Centromere. The point where the two chromatids touch, and where the microtubules attach. (3) Short arm (4) Long arm.

Etymology edit

19th century: from German Chromosom, ultimately from Ancient Greek χρῶμα (khrôma, “colour”) + σῶμα (sôma, “body”) (because they are stained under the microscope). Equivalent to chromo- +‎ -some.

Pronunciation edit

(UK) IPA^(key): /ˈkɹəʊ.məˌsəʊm/, /ˈkɹəʊ.məˌzəʊm/
(US) IPA^(key): /ˈkɹoʊməˌsoʊm/, /ˈkɹoʊməˌzoʊm/
Audio (UK) (file)
Audio (US) (file)

Noun edit

chromosome (plural chromosomes)

(cytology, genetics) A linear arrangement of condensed DNA and associated proteins (such as chaperone proteins) which contains the genetic material (genome) of an organism.
Chromosomes store genetic information.
- 2019, Bill Bryson, The Body: A Guide for Occupants, Black Swan (2020), page 7:
  A length of DNA is divided into segments called chromosomes and shorter individual units called genes.

Derived terms edit

Related terms edit

Translations edit

structure in the cell nucleus

Albanian: kromozom (sq) m
Arabic: كْرُومُوسُوم m (krumusūm), صِبْغِيّ (ṣibḡiyy)
Armenian: քրոմոսոմ (hy) (kʻromosom)
Asturian: cromosoma m
Azerbaijani: xromosom
Belarusian: храмасо́ма f (xramasóma)
Bengali: তন্তুসদৃশ বস্তু (tontuśodriś bostu)
Bulgarian: хромозо́ма f (hromozóma), хромозо́м m (hromozóm)
Burmese: ခရိုမိုဆုမ်း (hka.ruimuihcum:)
Catalan: cromosoma (ca) m
Chinese:
Eastern Min: 染色體／染色体 (niēng sáik tā̤)

Hakka: 染色體／染色体 (ngiam-set-thí)

Hokkien: 染色體／染色体 (liám-sek-thé)

Mandarin: 染色體／染色体 (zh) (rǎnsètǐ)
Czech: chromozom m
Danish: kromosom (da)
Dutch: chromosoom (nl) n
Esperanto: kromosomo (eo)
Estonian: kromosoom
Finnish: kromosomi (fi)
French: chromosome (fr) m
Galician: cromosoma (gl) m
Georgian: ქრომოსომა (kromosoma)
German: Chromosom (de) n
Greek: χρωμόσωμα (el) n (chromósoma)
Gujarati: રંગસૂત્ર (raṅgsūtra)
Hebrew: כְרוֹמוֹזוֹם (he) (kromosom)
Hindi: गुणसूत्र (guṇsūtra), गुण सूत्र (guṇ sūtra)
Icelandic: litningur (is) m
Ido: kromosomo (io)
Indonesian: kromosom (id)
Irish: crómasóm m
Italian: cromosoma (it) m
Japanese: 染色体 (ja) (せんしょくたい, senshokutai)
Kannada: ವರ್ಣತಂತು (varṇatantu)
Kazakh: хромосома (xromosoma)
Khmer: វណ្ណាង្គ (vonnang), ក្រូម៉ូសូម (kroumousoum)
Korean: 염색체(染色體) (ko) (yeomsaekche), 물들체 (muldeulche) (North)
Kyrgyz: хромосома (hromosoma)
Lao: ກະໂລໂມຊົມ (ka lō mō som)
Latvian: hromosoma f
Lithuanian: chromosoma f
Macedonian: хромозом m (hromozom)
Maori: pūira
Marathi: गुणसूत्र (mr) n (guṇasūtra)
Mongolian: хромосом (xromosom)
Nepali: गुणसूत्र (guṇasūtra)
Norwegian:
Bokmål: kromosom n

Nynorsk: kromosom n
Occitan: cromosòma (oc) m
Persian: رنگین تن (rangin tan)
Polish: chromosom (pl)
Portuguese: cromossoma (pt) m (Portugal), cromossomo (pt) m (Brazil)
Punjabi: ਗੁਣਸੂਤਰ (guṇsūtar)
Romanian: cromozom (ro) m
Russian: хромосо́ма (ru) f (xromosóma)
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: хромозом m

Roman: hromozom m
Slovak: chromozóm m
Slovene: kromosom (sl) m
Spanish: cromosoma (es) m
Swahili: chembeuzi
Swedish: kromosom (sv) c
Tagalog: kromosoma
Tajik: хромосома (xromosoma)
Tamil: நிறப்புரி (ta) (niṟappuri), நிறமூர்த்தம் (niṟamūrttam)
Telugu: వారసవాహిక (te) (vārasavāhika)
Thai: โครโมโซม (th) (kroo-moo-soom)
Turkish: kromozom (tr)
Ukrainian: хромосо́ма f (xromosóma)
Uzbek: xromosoma
Vietnamese: chất sinh sắt, nhiểm sắc thể
Volapük: kromosom (vo)
Welsh: cromosom (cy) m
West Frisian: gromosoom
Yiddish: כראָמאָסאָם (khromosom)

French edit

Etymology edit

19th century: chromo- +‎ -some, from German Chromosom, ultimately from Ancient Greek χρῶμα (khrôma, “colour”) + σῶμα (sôma, “body”) (because they are stained under the microscope).