cynorthwyo
Welsh
editEtymology
editFrom cynhorthwy (“help, aid, assistance”) + -o.
Pronunciation
edit- (North Wales) IPA(key): /ˌkənɔrˈθʊɨ̯ɔ/
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /ˌkənɔrˈθʊi̯ɔ/
Verb
editcynorthwyo (first-person singular present cynorthwyaf)
Conjugation
editConjugation (literary)
singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
present indicative/future | cynorthwyaf | cynorthwyi | cynorthwya | cynorthwywn | cynorthwywch | cynorthwyant | cynorthwyir | |
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional |
cynorthwywn | cynorthwyit | cynorthwyai | cynorthwyem | cynorthwyech | cynorthwyent | cynorthwyid | |
preterite | cynorthwyais | cynorthwyaist | cynorthwyodd | cynorthwyasom | cynorthwyasoch | cynorthwyasant | cynorthwywyd | |
pluperfect | cynorthwyaswn | cynorthwyasit | cynorthwyasai | cynorthwyasem | cynorthwyasech | cynorthwyasent | cynorthwyasid, cynorthwyesid | |
present subjunctive | cynorthwywyf | cynorthwyych | cynorthwyo | cynorthwyom | cynorthwyoch | cynorthwyont | cynorthwyer | |
imperative | — | cynorthwya | cynorthwyed | cynorthwywn | cynorthwywch | cynorthwyent | cynorthwyer | |
verbal noun | cynorthwyo | |||||||
verbal adjectives | cynorthwyedig cynorthwyadwy |
Conjugation (colloquial)
Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | |
future | cynorthwya i, cynorthwyaf i | cynorthwyi di | cynorthwyith o/e/hi, cynorthwyiff e/hi | cynorthwywn ni | cynorthwywch chi | cynorthwyan nhw |
conditional | cynorthwywn i, cynorthwyswn i | cynorthwyet ti, cynorthwyset ti | cynorthwyai fo/fe/hi, cynorthwysai fo/fe/hi | cynorthwyen ni, cynorthwysen ni | cynorthwyech chi, cynorthwysech chi | cynorthwyen nhw, cynorthwysen nhw |
preterite | cynorthwyais i, cynorthwyes i | cynorthwyaist ti, cynorthwyest ti | cynorthwyodd o/e/hi | cynorthwyon ni | cynorthwyoch chi | cynorthwyon nhw |
imperative | — | cynorthwya | — | — | cynorthwywch | — |
Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. |
Derived terms
edit- cynorthwyydd (“assistant”)
Mutation
editWelsh mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
cynorthwyo | gynorthwyo | nghynorthwyo | chynorthwyo |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Further reading
edit- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “cynorthwyo”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies