Calque of German Dunkle Materie, from dunkel (“dark”) and Materie (“matter”). Coined by Swiss astronomer Fritz Zwicky in German in 1933, to account for the apparent mass needed to account for galaxy clusters, where the mass of luminous matter did not add up to enough of a gravitational effect, inferring nonluminous matter must exist to account for the missing mass. The term gained new popularity due to the missing mass found in galaxies to account for galaxy rotation curves discovered by Vera Rubin in research published in English in the 1970s.
dark matter (uncountable)
- (astronomy, astrophysics, broadly) Matter which cannot be detected by its radiation but whose presence is inferred from gravitational effects.
2001, Susan M. Fitzpatrick, John T. Brue, Carving Our Destiny: Scientific Research Faces a New Millennium[1]:The evidence for dark matter in galaxies started to accumulate in the mid-1970s. By the following decade it became clear that essentially all galaxies, including our own Milky Way, are surrounded by extensive halos of dark matter.
2004, L. Bergström, A. Goobar, “Particle Astrophysics and the Dark Sector of the Universe”, in John W. Mason, editor, Astrophysics Update, pages 124–125:On large scales like that of clusters of galaxies, gravitational lensing indicates that the dark matter is smoothly distributed, on the average.
- (particle physics, cosmology, strictly) Matter which has mass but which does not readily interact with normal matter except through gravitational effects.
particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation
- Afrikaans: donker materie (af)
- Albanian: please add this translation if you can
- Arabic: مَادَّة مَظْلِمَة f (mādda maẓlima)
- Armenian: մութ մատերիա (mutʻ materia)
- Asturian: materia escuro
- Azerbaijani: qaranlıq maddə
- Basque: materia ilun
- Belarusian: цёмная матэ́рыя f (cjómnaja matéryja)
- Bulgarian: тъ́мна мате́рия f (tǎ́mna matérija)
- Catalan: matèria fosca f
- Chinese:
- Mandarin: 暗物質/暗物质 (zh) (ànwùzhì)
- Chuvash: тӗксӗм йӑмлӑх (tĕksĕm jămlăh)
- Czech: temná hmota f
- Danish: mørkt stof, mørk materie
- Dutch: donkere materie f
- Esperanto: malluma materio
- Estonian: tumeaine
- Faroese: dimmevni n
- Finnish: pimeä aine (fi)
- French: matière noire (fr) f, matière sombre (fr) f
- Galician: materia escura (gl) f, materia negra f
- Georgian: ბნელი მატერია (bneli maṭeria)
- German: Dunkle Materie (de) f
- Greek: σκοτεινή ύλη (el) f (skoteiní ýli)
- Hebrew: חומר אפל
- Hungarian: sötét anyag (hu)
- Icelandic: hulduefni (is)
- Ido: materio obskura
- Indonesian: materi gelap
- Irish: damhna dorcha m
- Italian: materia oscura (it) f
- Japanese: 暗黒物質 (ja) (あんこくぶっしつ, ankoku busshitsu), ダークマター (ja) (dākumatā)
- Kannada: ಡಾರ್ಕ್ ಮ್ಯಾಟರ್ (ḍārk myāṭar)
- Kazakh: қараңғы материя (qarañğy materiä)
- Korean: 암흑 물질 (amheuk muljil)
- Latvian: tumšā matērija f
- Lithuanian: tamsioji medžiaga f, nematomoji medžiaga f, tamsioji materija f
- Macedonian: тéмна матéрија f (témna matérija)
- Malay: jirim gelap
- Norwegian: mørk materie m
- Persian: ماده تاریک (fa) (mâdde-ye târik)
- Polish: ciemna materia (pl) f
- Portuguese: matéria escura f, matéria negra f
- Romanian: materie întunecată f
- Russian: тёмная мате́рия f (tjómnaja matérija), скры́тая ма́сса f (skrýtaja mássa)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: тамна тва̑р f, тамна ма̀те̄рија f
- Roman: tamna tvȃr f, tamna màtērija f
- Sicilian: materia nìvira f
- Slovak: tmavá hmota f, temná hmota f
- Slovene: tèmna snóv f
- Spanish: materia oscura (es) f
- Swedish: mörk materia (sv) c
- Thai: สสารมืด (th) (sàsăan mêut)
- Turkish: karanlık madde (tr)
- Ukrainian: тéмна матéрія f (témna matérija)
- Vietnamese: vật chất tối (vi)
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