dysgu
Welsh edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Brythonic *dɨskɨd, from Latin discō (“I learn”). Cognate to Breton deskiñ and Cornish dyski, from the same origin.
Pronunciation edit
- (North Wales) IPA(key): /ˈdəsɡɨ̞/, [ˈdəskɨ̞]
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /ˈdəsɡi/, [ˈdəski]
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -əsɡɨ̞
Verb edit
dysgu (first-person singular present dysgaf)
- to learn
- Dw i ddim yn deall yn iawn achos dw i’n dysgu Cymraeg o hyd.
- I don’t properly understand because I’m still learning Welsh.
- (with preposition i) to teach (often replaced by addysgu in modern Welsh)
- Mae Mrs Jones yn dysgu Cymraeg i mi.
- Mrs Jones is teaching me Welsh.
Conjugation edit
Conjugation (literary)
| singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
| present indicative/future | dysgaf | dysgi | dysg | dysgwn | dysgwch | dysgant | dysgir | |
| imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional |
dysgwn | dysgit | dysgai | dysgem | dysgech | dysgent | dysgid | |
| preterite | dysgais | dysgaist | dysgodd | dysgasom | dysgasoch | dysgasant | dysgwyd | |
| pluperfect | dysgaswn | dysgasit | dysgasai | dysgasem | dysgasech | dysgasent | dysgasid, dysgesid | |
| present subjunctive | dysgwyf | dysgych | dysgo | dysgom | dysgoch | dysgont | dysger | |
| imperative | — | dysg, dysga | dysged | dysgwn | dysgwch | dysgent | dysger | |
| verbal noun | dysgu | |||||||
| verbal adjectives | dysgedig dysgadwy | |||||||
Conjugation (colloquial)
| Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |
| future | dysga i, dysgaf i | dysgi di | dysgith o/e/hi, dysgiff e/hi | dysgwn ni | dysgwch chi | dysgan nhw |
| conditional | dysgwn i, dysgswn i | dysget ti, dysgset ti | dysgai fo/fe/hi, dysgsai fo/fe/hi | dysgen ni, dysgsen ni | dysgech chi, dysgsech chi | dysgen nhw, dysgsen nhw |
| preterite | dysgais i, dysges i | dysgaist ti, dysgest ti | dysgodd o/e/hi | dysgon ni | dysgoch chi | dysgon nhw |
| imperative | — | dysga | — | — | dysgwch | — |
| Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. | ||||||
Mutation edit
| Welsh mutation | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
| dysgu | ddysgu | nysgu | unchanged |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | |||
References edit
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “dysgu”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies