Tone H
|
Infinitive
|
ukwehlukana
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
Infinitive
|
ukwehlukana
|
ukungehlukani
|
|
Imperative
|
|
Simple
|
+ object concord
|
Singular
|
yehlukana
|
-ehlukane
|
Plural
|
yehlukanani
|
-ehlukaneni
|
|
Present
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiyehlukana, ngehlukana
|
engehlukanayo, engehlukana
|
ngehlukana
|
angehlukani
|
engingehlukani
|
ngingehlukani
|
2nd singular
|
uyehlukana, wehlukana
|
owehlukanayo, owehlukana
|
wehlukana
|
awehlukani
|
ongehlukani
|
ungehlukani
|
1st plural
|
siyehlukana, sehlukana
|
esehlukanayo, esehlukana
|
sehlukana
|
asehlukani
|
esingehlukani
|
singehlukani
|
2nd plural
|
niyehlukana, nehlukana
|
enehlukanayo, enehlukana
|
nehlukana
|
anehlukani
|
eningehlukani
|
ningehlukani
|
Class 1
|
uyehlukana, wehlukana
|
owehlukanayo, owehlukana
|
ehlukana
|
akehlukani
|
ongehlukani
|
engehlukani
|
Class 2
|
bayehlukana, behlukana
|
abehlukanayo, abehlukana
|
behlukana
|
abehlukani
|
abangehlukani
|
bengehlukani
|
Class 3
|
uyehlukana, wehlukana
|
owehlukanayo, owehlukana
|
wehlukana
|
awehlukani
|
ongehlukani
|
ungehlukani
|
Class 4
|
iyehlukana, yehlukana
|
eyehlukanayo, eyehlukana
|
yehlukana
|
ayehlukani
|
engehlukani
|
ingehlukani
|
Class 5
|
liyehlukana, lehlukana
|
elehlukanayo, elehlukana
|
lehlukana
|
alehlukani
|
elingehlukani
|
lingehlukani
|
Class 6
|
ayehlukana, ehlukana
|
ehlukanayo, ehlukana
|
ehlukana
|
awehlukani
|
angehlukani
|
engehlukani
|
Class 7
|
siyehlukana, sehlukana
|
esehlukanayo, esehlukana
|
sehlukana
|
asehlukani
|
esingehlukani
|
singehlukani
|
Class 8
|
ziyehlukana, zehlukana
|
ezehlukanayo, ezehlukana
|
zehlukana
|
azehlukani
|
ezingehlukani
|
zingehlukani
|
Class 9
|
iyehlukana, yehlukana
|
eyehlukanayo, eyehlukana
|
yehlukana
|
ayehlukani
|
engehlukani
|
ingehlukani
|
Class 10
|
ziyehlukana, zehlukana
|
ezehlukanayo, ezehlukana
|
zehlukana
|
azehlukani
|
ezingehlukani
|
zingehlukani
|
Class 11
|
luyehlukana, lwehlukana
|
olwehlukanayo, olwehlukana
|
lwehlukana
|
alwehlukani
|
olungehlukani
|
lungehlukani
|
Class 14
|
buyehlukana, behlukana
|
obehlukanayo, obehlukana
|
behlukana
|
abehlukani
|
obungehlukani
|
bungehlukani
|
Class 15
|
kuyehlukana, kwehlukana
|
okwehlukanayo, okwehlukana
|
kwehlukana
|
akwehlukani
|
okungehlukani
|
kungehlukani
|
Class 17
|
kuyehlukana, kwehlukana
|
okwehlukanayo, okwehlukana
|
kwehlukana
|
akwehlukani
|
okungehlukani
|
kungehlukani
|
|
Recent past
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngehlukanile, ngehlukanē
|
engehlukanile, engehlukanē
|
ngehlukanile, ngehlukanē
|
angehlukananga
|
engingehlukananga
|
ngingehlukananga
|
2nd singular
|
wehlukanile, wehlukanē
|
owehlukanile, owehlukanē
|
wehlukanile, wehlukanē
|
awehlukananga
|
ongehlukananga
|
ungehlukananga
|
1st plural
|
sehlukanile, sehlukanē
|
esehlukanile, esehlukanē
|
sehlukanile, sehlukanē
|
asehlukananga
|
esingehlukananga
|
singehlukananga
|
2nd plural
|
nehlukanile, nehlukanē
|
enehlukanile, enehlukanē
|
nehlukanile, nehlukanē
|
anehlukananga
|
eningehlukananga
|
ningehlukananga
|
Class 1
|
wehlukanile, wehlukanē
|
owehlukanile, owehlukanē
|
ehlukanile, ehlukanē
|
akehlukananga
|
ongehlukananga
|
engehlukananga
|
Class 2
|
behlukanile, behlukanē
|
abehlukanile, abehlukanē
|
behlukanile, behlukanē
|
abehlukananga
|
abangehlukananga
|
bengehlukananga
|
Class 3
|
wehlukanile, wehlukanē
|
owehlukanile, owehlukanē
|
wehlukanile, wehlukanē
|
awehlukananga
|
ongehlukananga
|
ungehlukananga
|
Class 4
|
yehlukanile, yehlukanē
|
eyehlukanile, eyehlukanē
|
yehlukanile, yehlukanē
|
ayehlukananga
|
engehlukananga
|
ingehlukananga
|
Class 5
|
lehlukanile, lehlukanē
|
elehlukanile, elehlukanē
|
lehlukanile, lehlukanē
|
alehlukananga
|
elingehlukananga
|
lingehlukananga
|
Class 6
|
ehlukanile, ehlukanē
|
ehlukanile, ehlukanē
|
ehlukanile, ehlukanē
|
awehlukananga
|
angehlukananga
|
engehlukananga
|
Class 7
|
sehlukanile, sehlukanē
|
esehlukanile, esehlukanē
|
sehlukanile, sehlukanē
|
asehlukananga
|
esingehlukananga
|
singehlukananga
|
Class 8
|
zehlukanile, zehlukanē
|
ezehlukanile, ezehlukanē
|
zehlukanile, zehlukanē
|
azehlukananga
|
ezingehlukananga
|
zingehlukananga
|
Class 9
|
yehlukanile, yehlukanē
|
eyehlukanile, eyehlukanē
|
yehlukanile, yehlukanē
|
ayehlukananga
|
engehlukananga
|
ingehlukananga
|
Class 10
|
zehlukanile, zehlukanē
|
ezehlukanile, ezehlukanē
|
zehlukanile, zehlukanē
|
azehlukananga
|
ezingehlukananga
|
zingehlukananga
|
Class 11
|
lwehlukanile, lwehlukanē
|
olwehlukanile, olwehlukanē
|
lwehlukanile, lwehlukanē
|
alwehlukananga
|
olungehlukananga
|
lungehlukananga
|
Class 14
|
behlukanile, behlukanē
|
obehlukanile, obehlukanē
|
behlukanile, behlukanē
|
abehlukananga
|
obungehlukananga
|
bungehlukananga
|
Class 15
|
kwehlukanile, kwehlukanē
|
okwehlukanile, okwehlukanē
|
kwehlukanile, kwehlukanē
|
akwehlukananga
|
okungehlukananga
|
kungehlukananga
|
Class 17
|
kwehlukanile, kwehlukanē
|
okwehlukanile, okwehlukanē
|
kwehlukanile, kwehlukanē
|
akwehlukananga
|
okungehlukananga
|
kungehlukananga
|
|
Remote past
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngēhlukana
|
engēhlukana
|
ngēhlukana
|
angehlukananga
|
engingehlukananga
|
ngingehlukananga
|
2nd singular
|
wēhlukana
|
owēhlukana
|
wēhlukana
|
awehlukananga
|
ongehlukananga
|
ungehlukananga
|
1st plural
|
sēhlukana
|
esēhlukana
|
sēhlukana
|
asehlukananga
|
esingehlukananga
|
singehlukananga
|
2nd plural
|
nēhlukana
|
enēhlukana
|
nēhlukana
|
anehlukananga
|
eningehlukananga
|
ningehlukananga
|
Class 1
|
wēhlukana
|
owēhlukana
|
ēhlukana
|
akehlukananga
|
ongehlukananga
|
engehlukananga
|
Class 2
|
bēhlukana
|
abēhlukana
|
bēhlukana
|
abehlukananga
|
abangehlukananga
|
bengehlukananga
|
Class 3
|
wēhlukana
|
owēhlukana
|
wēhlukana
|
awehlukananga
|
ongehlukananga
|
ungehlukananga
|
Class 4
|
yēhlukana
|
eyēhlukana
|
yēhlukana
|
ayehlukananga
|
engehlukananga
|
ingehlukananga
|
Class 5
|
lēhlukana
|
elēhlukana
|
lēhlukana
|
alehlukananga
|
elingehlukananga
|
lingehlukananga
|
Class 6
|
ēhlukana
|
ēhlukana
|
ēhlukana
|
awehlukananga
|
angehlukananga
|
engehlukananga
|
Class 7
|
sēhlukana
|
esēhlukana
|
sēhlukana
|
asehlukananga
|
esingehlukananga
|
singehlukananga
|
Class 8
|
zēhlukana
|
ezēhlukana
|
zēhlukana
|
azehlukananga
|
ezingehlukananga
|
zingehlukananga
|
Class 9
|
yēhlukana
|
eyēhlukana
|
yēhlukana
|
ayehlukananga
|
engehlukananga
|
ingehlukananga
|
Class 10
|
zēhlukana
|
ezēhlukana
|
zēhlukana
|
azehlukananga
|
ezingehlukananga
|
zingehlukananga
|
Class 11
|
lwēhlukana
|
olwēhlukana
|
lwēhlukana
|
alwehlukananga
|
olungehlukananga
|
lungehlukananga
|
Class 14
|
bēhlukana
|
obēhlukana
|
bēhlukana
|
abehlukananga
|
obungehlukananga
|
bungehlukananga
|
Class 15
|
kwēhlukana
|
okwēhlukana
|
kwēhlukana
|
akwehlukananga
|
okungehlukananga
|
kungehlukananga
|
Class 17
|
kwēhlukana
|
okwēhlukana
|
kwēhlukana
|
akwehlukananga
|
okungehlukananga
|
kungehlukananga
|
|
Potential
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngingehlukana
|
—
|
ngingehlukana
|
ngingehlukane
|
—
|
ngingehlukane
|
2nd singular
|
ungehlukana
|
—
|
ungehlukana
|
ungehlukane
|
—
|
ungehlukane
|
1st plural
|
singehlukana
|
—
|
singehlukana
|
singehlukane
|
—
|
singehlukane
|
2nd plural
|
ningehlukana
|
—
|
ningehlukana
|
ningehlukane
|
—
|
ningehlukane
|
Class 1
|
angehlukana
|
—
|
engehlukana
|
angehlukane
|
—
|
engehlukane
|
Class 2
|
bangehlukana
|
—
|
bengehlukana
|
bangehlukane
|
—
|
bengehlukane
|
Class 3
|
ungehlukana
|
—
|
ungehlukana
|
ungehlukane
|
—
|
ungehlukane
|
Class 4
|
ingehlukana
|
—
|
ingehlukana
|
ingehlukane
|
—
|
ingehlukane
|
Class 5
|
lingehlukana
|
—
|
lingehlukana
|
lingehlukane
|
—
|
lingehlukane
|
Class 6
|
angehlukana
|
—
|
engehlukana
|
angehlukane
|
—
|
engehlukane
|
Class 7
|
singehlukana
|
—
|
singehlukana
|
singehlukane
|
—
|
singehlukane
|
Class 8
|
zingehlukana
|
—
|
zingehlukana
|
zingehlukane
|
—
|
zingehlukane
|
Class 9
|
ingehlukana
|
—
|
ingehlukana
|
ingehlukane
|
—
|
ingehlukane
|
Class 10
|
zingehlukana
|
—
|
zingehlukana
|
zingehlukane
|
—
|
zingehlukane
|
Class 11
|
lungehlukana
|
—
|
lungehlukana
|
lungehlukane
|
—
|
lungehlukane
|
Class 14
|
bungehlukana
|
—
|
bungehlukana
|
bungehlukane
|
—
|
bungehlukane
|
Class 15
|
kungehlukana
|
—
|
kungehlukana
|
kungehlukane
|
—
|
kungehlukane
|
Class 17
|
kungehlukana
|
—
|
kungehlukana
|
kungehlukane
|
—
|
kungehlukane
|
|
Immediate future
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngizokwehlukana
|
engizokwehlukana
|
ngizokwehlukana
|
angizukwehlukana
|
engingezukwehlukana
|
ngingezukwehlukana
|
2nd singular
|
uzokwehlukana
|
ozokwehlukana
|
uzokwehlukana
|
awuzukwehlukana
|
ongezukwehlukana
|
ungezukwehlukana
|
1st plural
|
sizokwehlukana
|
esizokwehlukana
|
sizokwehlukana
|
asizukwehlukana
|
esingezukwehlukana
|
singezukwehlukana
|
2nd plural
|
nizokwehlukana
|
enizokwehlukana
|
nizokwehlukana
|
anizukwehlukana
|
eningezukwehlukana
|
ningezukwehlukana
|
Class 1
|
uzokwehlukana
|
ozokwehlukana
|
ezokwehlukana
|
akazukwehlukana
|
ongezukwehlukana
|
engezukwehlukana
|
Class 2
|
bazokwehlukana
|
abazokwehlukana
|
bezokwehlukana
|
abazukwehlukana
|
abangezukwehlukana
|
bengezukwehlukana
|
Class 3
|
uzokwehlukana
|
ozokwehlukana
|
uzokwehlukana
|
awuzukwehlukana
|
ongezukwehlukana
|
ungezukwehlukana
|
Class 4
|
izokwehlukana
|
ezokwehlukana
|
izokwehlukana
|
ayizukwehlukana
|
engezukwehlukana
|
ingezukwehlukana
|
Class 5
|
lizokwehlukana
|
elizokwehlukana
|
lizokwehlukana
|
alizukwehlukana
|
elingezukwehlukana
|
lingezukwehlukana
|
Class 6
|
azokwehlukana
|
azokwehlukana
|
ezokwehlukana
|
awazukwehlukana
|
angezukwehlukana
|
engezukwehlukana
|
Class 7
|
sizokwehlukana
|
esizokwehlukana
|
sizokwehlukana
|
asizukwehlukana
|
esingezukwehlukana
|
singezukwehlukana
|
Class 8
|
zizokwehlukana
|
ezizokwehlukana
|
zizokwehlukana
|
azizukwehlukana
|
ezingezukwehlukana
|
zingezukwehlukana
|
Class 9
|
izokwehlukana
|
ezokwehlukana
|
izokwehlukana
|
ayizukwehlukana
|
engezukwehlukana
|
ingezukwehlukana
|
Class 10
|
zizokwehlukana
|
ezizokwehlukana
|
zizokwehlukana
|
azizukwehlukana
|
ezingezukwehlukana
|
zingezukwehlukana
|
Class 11
|
luzokwehlukana
|
oluzokwehlukana
|
luzokwehlukana
|
aluzukwehlukana
|
olungezukwehlukana
|
lungezukwehlukana
|
Class 14
|
buzokwehlukana
|
obuzokwehlukana
|
buzokwehlukana
|
abuzukwehlukana
|
obungezukwehlukana
|
bungezukwehlukana
|
Class 15
|
kuzokwehlukana
|
okuzokwehlukana
|
kuzokwehlukana
|
akuzukwehlukana
|
okungezukwehlukana
|
kungezukwehlukana
|
Class 17
|
kuzokwehlukana
|
okuzokwehlukana
|
kuzokwehlukana
|
akuzukwehlukana
|
okungezukwehlukana
|
kungezukwehlukana
|
|
Remote future
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiyokwehlukana
|
engiyokwehlukana
|
ngiyokwehlukana
|
angiyukwehlukana
|
engingeyukwehlukana
|
ngingeyukwehlukana
|
2nd singular
|
uyokwehlukana
|
oyokwehlukana
|
uyokwehlukana
|
awuyukwehlukana
|
ongeyukwehlukana
|
ungeyukwehlukana
|
1st plural
|
siyokwehlukana
|
esiyokwehlukana
|
siyokwehlukana
|
asiyukwehlukana
|
esingeyukwehlukana
|
singeyukwehlukana
|
2nd plural
|
niyokwehlukana
|
eniyokwehlukana
|
niyokwehlukana
|
aniyukwehlukana
|
eningeyukwehlukana
|
ningeyukwehlukana
|
Class 1
|
uyokwehlukana
|
oyokwehlukana
|
eyokwehlukana
|
akayukwehlukana
|
ongeyukwehlukana
|
engeyukwehlukana
|
Class 2
|
bayokwehlukana
|
abayokwehlukana
|
beyokwehlukana
|
abayukwehlukana
|
abangeyukwehlukana
|
bengeyukwehlukana
|
Class 3
|
uyokwehlukana
|
oyokwehlukana
|
uyokwehlukana
|
awuyukwehlukana
|
ongeyukwehlukana
|
ungeyukwehlukana
|
Class 4
|
iyokwehlukana
|
eyokwehlukana
|
iyokwehlukana
|
ayiyukwehlukana
|
engeyukwehlukana
|
ingeyukwehlukana
|
Class 5
|
liyokwehlukana
|
eliyokwehlukana
|
liyokwehlukana
|
aliyukwehlukana
|
elingeyukwehlukana
|
lingeyukwehlukana
|
Class 6
|
ayokwehlukana
|
ayokwehlukana
|
eyokwehlukana
|
awayukwehlukana
|
angeyukwehlukana
|
engeyukwehlukana
|
Class 7
|
siyokwehlukana
|
esiyokwehlukana
|
siyokwehlukana
|
asiyukwehlukana
|
esingeyukwehlukana
|
singeyukwehlukana
|
Class 8
|
ziyokwehlukana
|
eziyokwehlukana
|
ziyokwehlukana
|
aziyukwehlukana
|
ezingeyukwehlukana
|
zingeyukwehlukana
|
Class 9
|
iyokwehlukana
|
eyokwehlukana
|
iyokwehlukana
|
ayiyukwehlukana
|
engeyukwehlukana
|
ingeyukwehlukana
|
Class 10
|
ziyokwehlukana
|
eziyokwehlukana
|
ziyokwehlukana
|
aziyukwehlukana
|
ezingeyukwehlukana
|
zingeyukwehlukana
|
Class 11
|
luyokwehlukana
|
oluyokwehlukana
|
luyokwehlukana
|
aluyukwehlukana
|
olungeyukwehlukana
|
lungeyukwehlukana
|
Class 14
|
buyokwehlukana
|
obuyokwehlukana
|
buyokwehlukana
|
abuyukwehlukana
|
obungeyukwehlukana
|
bungeyukwehlukana
|
Class 15
|
kuyokwehlukana
|
okuyokwehlukana
|
kuyokwehlukana
|
akuyukwehlukana
|
okungeyukwehlukana
|
kungeyukwehlukana
|
Class 17
|
kuyokwehlukana
|
okuyokwehlukana
|
kuyokwehlukana
|
akuyukwehlukana
|
okungeyukwehlukana
|
kungeyukwehlukana
|
|
Present subjunctive
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
1st singular
|
ngehlukane
|
ngingehlukani
|
2nd singular
|
wehlukane
|
ungehlukani
|
1st plural
|
sehlukane
|
singehlukani
|
2nd plural
|
nehlukane
|
ningehlukani
|
Class 1
|
ehlukane
|
angehlukani
|
Class 2
|
behlukane
|
bangehlukani
|
Class 3
|
wehlukane
|
ungehlukani
|
Class 4
|
yehlukane
|
ingehlukani
|
Class 5
|
lehlukane
|
lingehlukani
|
Class 6
|
ehlukane
|
angehlukani
|
Class 7
|
sehlukane
|
singehlukani
|
Class 8
|
zehlukane
|
zingehlukani
|
Class 9
|
yehlukane
|
ingehlukani
|
Class 10
|
zehlukane
|
zingehlukani
|
Class 11
|
lwehlukane
|
lungehlukani
|
Class 14
|
behlukane
|
bungehlukani
|
Class 15
|
kwehlukane
|
kungehlukani
|
Class 17
|
kwehlukane
|
kungehlukani
|
|
Past subjunctive
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
1st singular
|
ngehlukana
|
ngangehlukana, angehlukana, angangehlukana
|
2nd singular
|
wehlukana
|
wangehlukana, awehlukana, awangehlukana
|
1st plural
|
sehlukana
|
sangehlukana, asehlukana, asangehlukana
|
2nd plural
|
nehlukana
|
nangehlukana, anehlukana, anangehlukana
|
Class 1
|
wehlukana
|
wangehlukana, akehlukana, akangehlukana
|
Class 2
|
behlukana
|
bangehlukana, abehlukana, abangehlukana
|
Class 3
|
wehlukana
|
wangehlukana, awehlukana, awangehlukana
|
Class 4
|
yehlukana
|
yangehlukana, ayehlukana, ayangehlukana
|
Class 5
|
lehlukana
|
langehlukana, alehlukana, alangehlukana
|
Class 6
|
ehlukana
|
angehlukana, awehlukana, awangehlukana
|
Class 7
|
sehlukana
|
sangehlukana, asehlukana, asangehlukana
|
Class 8
|
zehlukana
|
zangehlukana, azehlukana, azangehlukana
|
Class 9
|
yehlukana
|
yangehlukana, ayehlukana, ayangehlukana
|
Class 10
|
zehlukana
|
zangehlukana, azehlukana, azangehlukana
|
Class 11
|
lwehlukana
|
lwangehlukana, alwehlukana, alwangehlukana
|
Class 14
|
behlukana
|
bangehlukana, abehlukana, abangehlukana
|
Class 15
|
kwehlukana
|
kwangehlukana, akwehlukana, akwangehlukana
|
Class 17
|
kwehlukana
|
kwangehlukana, akwehlukana, akwangehlukana
|