encourir

French

Etymology

From en- +‎ courir, calque of Latin incurrō.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɑ̃.ku.ʁiʁ/

• Audio:

  (file)

Verb

encourir

1. (transitive) to incur (to expose oneself to something inconvenient)
   • 2020 June 19, “Stopper la haine sur Internet”, in Le Monde‎^[1]:

     Selon leur décision, ces difficultés d’appréciation combinées au fort montant des amendes encourues « ne peuvent qu’inciter les opérateurs (…) à retirer les contenus qui leur sont signalés, qu’ils soient ou non manifestement illicites ».

     According to their decision, these difficulties of assessment combined with the high fines incurred "can only encourage operators (...) to remove content reported to them, whether or not it is manifestly illegal".

2. (transitive) to run [the risk], to bring upon (something unfavourable)

   encourir le risque d’être rattrapé ― run the risk of being caught

Conjugation

This verb is conjugated like other regular -ir verbs, except that in the conditional and future tenses an extra 'r' is added to the end of the stem and the past participle ends in -u. All verb ending in -courir are conjugated this way.

Conjugation of encourir (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	encourir
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	encourant /ɑ̃.ku.ʁɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		encouru /ɑ̃.ku.ʁy/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	encours /ɑ̃.kuʁ/	encours /ɑ̃.kuʁ/	encourt /ɑ̃.kuʁ/	encourons /ɑ̃.ku.ʁɔ̃/	encourez /ɑ̃.ku.ʁe/	encourent /ɑ̃.kuʁ/
	imperfect	encourais /ɑ̃.ku.ʁɛ/	encourais /ɑ̃.ku.ʁɛ/	encourait /ɑ̃.ku.ʁɛ/	encourions /ɑ̃.ku.ʁjɔ̃/	encouriez /ɑ̃.ku.ʁje/	encouraient /ɑ̃.ku.ʁɛ/
	past historic2	encourus /ɑ̃.ku.ʁy/	encourus /ɑ̃.ku.ʁy/	encourut /ɑ̃.ku.ʁy/	encourûmes /ɑ̃.ku.ʁym/	encourûtes /ɑ̃.ku.ʁyt/	encoururent /ɑ̃.ku.ʁyʁ/
	future	encourrai /ɑ̃.kuʁ.ʁe/	encourras /ɑ̃.kuʁ.ʁa/	encourra /ɑ̃.kuʁ.ʁa/	encourrons /ɑ̃.kuʁ.ʁɔ̃/	encourrez /ɑ̃.kuʁ.ʁe/	encourront /ɑ̃.kuʁ.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	encourrais /ɑ̃.kuʁ.ʁɛ/	encourrais /ɑ̃.kuʁ.ʁɛ/	encourrait /ɑ̃.kuʁ.ʁɛ/	encourrions /ɑ̃.kuʁ.ʁjɔ̃/	encourriez /ɑ̃.kuʁ.ʁje/	encourraient /ɑ̃.kuʁ.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	encoure /ɑ̃.kuʁ/	encoures /ɑ̃.kuʁ/	encoure /ɑ̃.kuʁ/	encourions /ɑ̃.ku.ʁjɔ̃/	encouriez /ɑ̃.ku.ʁje/	encourent /ɑ̃.kuʁ/
	imperfect2	encourusse /ɑ̃.ku.ʁys/	encourusses /ɑ̃.ku.ʁys/	encourût /ɑ̃.ku.ʁy/	encourussions /ɑ̃.ku.ʁy.sjɔ̃/	encourussiez /ɑ̃.ku.ʁy.sje/	encourussent /ɑ̃.ku.ʁys/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	encours /ɑ̃.kuʁ/	—	encourons /ɑ̃.ku.ʁɔ̃/	encourez /ɑ̃.ku.ʁe/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Quotations

• For quotations using this term, see Citations:encourir.

Related terms

• courir
• incursion

Further reading

• “encourir”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Anagrams

• nourrice