Wiktionary

en-

See also: Appendix:Variations of "en"

EnglishEdit

Alternative formsEdit

  • em- (before certain consonants, principally the labials b and p)

EtymologyEdit

From Middle English en- (“en-, in-”). Originally from Old French en- (also an-), from Latin in- (“in, into”); but also from an alteration of in-, from Middle English in-, from Old English in- (“in, into”), from Proto-Germanic *in (“in”). Both the Latin and the Germanic forms are from Proto-Indo-European *en (“in, into”). Intensive use of Old French en-, an- is due to confluence with Frankish *an- (intensive prefix), related to Old English on- (intensive prefix). More at in-, on-.

PronunciationEdit

  • IPA(key): /ɪn-/, /ən-/, /ɛn-/

PrefixEdit

en-

  1. Forms a transitive verb whose meaning is to make the attached adjective
    1. in, into
    2. on, onto
      embark
    3. covered
      embalm
  2. caused
  3. an intensifier

Usage notesEdit

SynonymsEdit

AntonymsEdit

Derived termsEdit

English terms prefixed with en-
verbs derived from French (or Anglo-Norman) verbs or expressions using en- or en
nouns derived from French (or Anglo-Norman) nouns or expressions using en- or en
verbs composed from en- + English verb (meaning: to include, apply)
verbs composed from en- + English noun, sometimes with additional verb suffixes as -ate, -en or -ize (“to enclose, enter in, provide with”)
verbs composed from en- + English adjective or other word type (meaning: provide with a quality)
terms derived from foreign (mostly Greek) words using en- or in-

See alsoEdit

AnagramsEdit

CatalanEdit

Alternative formsEdit

EtymologyEdit

Inherited from Latin in-, prefixation of Latin in (“in, into”); see en.

PrefixEdit

en-

  1. en- (all meanings)

Derived termsEdit

Catalan terms prefixed with en-

Related termsEdit

See alsoEdit

FrenchEdit

Alternative formsEdit

EtymologyEdit

Inherited from Old French en-, from Latin in-, prefixation of Latin in (“in, into”); see en.

PronunciationEdit

  • IPA(key): /ɑ̃/
  • Audio(file)

PrefixEdit

en-

  1. en- (all meanings)

Derived termsEdit

French terms prefixed with en-

Related termsEdit

See alsoEdit

GalicianEdit

Alternative formsEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Galician-Portuguese en-, from Latin in-, prefixation of Latin in (“in, into”); see en.

PrefixEdit

en-

  1. en-, in-

Derived termsEdit

Galician terms prefixed with en-

Related termsEdit

See alsoEdit

IdoEdit

EtymologyEdit

Prefix form of en (“in”).

PronunciationEdit

PrefixEdit

en-

  1. prefix indicating in
    ‎en- + ‎irar (“to go”) → ‎enirar (“to go in; enter”)
    ‎en- + ‎swichar (“to switch”) → ‎enswichar (“to switch on”)

Derived termsEdit

Ido terms prefixed with en-

LadinoEdit

Alternative formsEdit

  • em- (before b or p)

EtymologyEdit

From Old Spanish en-, from Latin in-, prefixation of in (“in, into”).

PrefixEdit

en-

  1. en-

Derived termsEdit

Ladino terms prefixed with en-

Middle EnglishEdit

Alternative formsEdit

EtymologyEdit

Borrowed from Old French en-, from Latin in-.

PronunciationEdit

PrefixEdit

en-

  1. Forms words, usually verbs, meaning "in", "on", or "around"; en-.
  2. Intensifies words, usually verbs; en-.

Usage notesEdit

  • Sometimes used interchangeably with in-; see that entry for more.

Derived termsEdit

Middle English terms prefixed with en-

DescendantsEdit

  • English: en- (in-)

ReferencesEdit

MohawkEdit

PrefixEdit

en-

  1. future tense prefix

ReferencesEdit

  • Gunther Michelson (1973) A thousand words of Mohawk, University of Ottawa Press, page 5

NormanEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old French en-, from Latin in-, prefixation of Latin in (“in, into”); see en.

PrefixEdit

en-

  1. en- (all meanings)

Derived termsEdit

Norman terms prefixed with en-

Related termsEdit

See alsoEdit

Northern NdebeleEdit

EtymologyEdit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

PrefixEdit

en-

  1. Class 9 adjective concord.

Usage notesEdit

The variant form em- is used before stems beginning with a labial consonant (b, f, m, p, v).

OccitanEdit

Alternative formsEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Occitan en-, from Latin in-, prefixation of Latin in (“in, into”); see en.

PrefixEdit

en-

  1. en- (all meanings)

Derived termsEdit

Occitan terms prefixed with en-

Related termsEdit

See alsoEdit

Old FrenchEdit

Alternative formsEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Latin in-, prefixation of Latin in (“in, into”). Influenced by Frankish *an- (intensive prefix), related to Old English on- (intensive prefix).

PrefixEdit

en-

  1. en- (in; into)
  2. en- (intensifier)

Derived termsEdit

Old French terms prefixed with en-

Related termsEdit

See alsoEdit

Old SaxonEdit

EtymologyEdit

From ēn (“one”).

PrefixEdit

ēn-

  1. one, uni-, only
    ēnkunni (“only, unique”)
  2. sole, single, solitary

PortugueseEdit

Alternative formsEdit

  • em- (before p or b), e- (before m or n)

EtymologyEdit

From Old Galician-Portuguese en-, from Latin in-, prefixation of Latin in (“in, into”); see em.

PrefixEdit

en-

  1. en- (all meanings)

Derived termsEdit

Portuguese terms prefixed with en-

Related termsEdit

See alsoEdit

SpanishEdit

Alternative formsEdit

  • em- (before b or p)

EtymologyEdit

Inherited from Old Spanish en-, from Latin in-, prefixation of Latin in (“in, into”); see en.

PrefixEdit

en-

  1. en- (all meanings) (clarification of this definition is needed)

Derived termsEdit

Spanish terms prefixed with en-

Related termsEdit

See alsoEdit

Further readingEdit

Tocharian AEdit

EtymologyEdit

Related to Tocharian B en-, either borrowed into or from Tocharian A. Of uncertain origin, possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European, cognate with Ancient Greek αἶνος (aînos).

VerbEdit

en-

  1. to instruct, teach
  2. to punish

Tocharian BEdit

EtymologyEdit

Related to Tocharian A en-, either borrowed into or from Tocharian B. Of uncertain origin, possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European, cognate with Ancient Greek αἶνος (aînos).

VerbEdit

en-

  1. to instruct, teach
  2. to punish

Derived termsEdit

Further readingEdit

  • Adams, Douglas Q. (2013), “en-”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 87

WelshEdit

Alternative formsEdit

PronunciationEdit

PrefixEdit

en-

  1. affirmative prefix, emphasises prefixed word
    ‎en- + ‎mawr (“big”) → ‎enfawr (“huge”)
    ‎en- + ‎pyd (“danger”) → ‎enbyd (“dangerous, exceeding, pressing”)

Derived termsEdit

Welsh terms prefixed with en-

MutationEdit

Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal h-prothesis
en- unchanged unchanged hen-
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

ReferencesEdit

R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “en-”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

XhosaEdit

EtymologyEdit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

PrefixEdit

en-

  1. Class 9 adjective concord.

Usage notesEdit

The variant form em- is used before stems beginning with a labial consonant (b, f, m, p, v).

ZuluEdit

EtymologyEdit

From a- (“relative”) +‎ n- (“class 9 basic noun prefix”).

PrefixEdit

ḗn-

  1. Class 9 adjective concord.

Usage notesEdit

The variant form em- is used before stems beginning with a labial consonant (b, f, m, p, v).

ReferencesEdit

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