enfreindre
French edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Middle French, Old French enfraindre, from Vulgar Latin *īnfrangere, from Latin īnfringere.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
enfreindre
- to infringe
Conjugation edit
This verb is conjugated like peindre. It uses the same endings as rendre or vendre, but its -nd- becomes -gn- before a vowel, and its past participle ends in 't' instead of a vowel.
Conjugation of enfreindre (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | enfreindre | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | enfreignant /ɑ̃.fʁɛ.ɲɑ̃/ or /ɑ̃.fʁe.ɲɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | enfreint /ɑ̃.fʁɛ̃/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | enfreins /ɑ̃.fʁɛ̃/ |
enfreins /ɑ̃.fʁɛ̃/ |
enfreint /ɑ̃.fʁɛ̃/ |
enfreignons /ɑ̃.fʁɛ.ɲɔ̃/ or /ɑ̃.fʁe.ɲɔ̃/ |
enfreignez /ɑ̃.fʁɛ.ɲe/ or /ɑ̃.fʁe.ɲe/ |
enfreignent /ɑ̃.fʁɛɲ/ |
| imperfect | enfreignais /ɑ̃.fʁɛ.ɲɛ/ or /ɑ̃.fʁe.ɲɛ/ |
enfreignais /ɑ̃.fʁɛ.ɲɛ/ or /ɑ̃.fʁe.ɲɛ/ |
enfreignait /ɑ̃.fʁɛ.ɲɛ/ or /ɑ̃.fʁe.ɲɛ/ |
enfreignions /ɑ̃.fʁɛ.ɲjɔ̃/ or /ɑ̃.fʁe.ɲjɔ̃/ |
enfreigniez /ɑ̃.fʁɛ.ɲje/ or /ɑ̃.fʁe.ɲje/ |
enfreignaient /ɑ̃.fʁɛ.ɲɛ/ or /ɑ̃.fʁe.ɲɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | enfreignis /ɑ̃.fʁɛ.ɲi/ or /ɑ̃.fʁe.ɲi/ |
enfreignis /ɑ̃.fʁɛ.ɲi/ or /ɑ̃.fʁe.ɲi/ |
enfreignit /ɑ̃.fʁɛ.ɲi/ or /ɑ̃.fʁe.ɲi/ |
enfreignîmes /ɑ̃.fʁɛ.ɲim/ or /ɑ̃.fʁe.ɲim/ |
enfreignîtes /ɑ̃.fʁɛ.ɲit/ or /ɑ̃.fʁe.ɲit/ |
enfreignirent /ɑ̃.fʁɛ.ɲiʁ/ or /ɑ̃.fʁe.ɲiʁ/ | |
| future | enfreindrai /ɑ̃.fʁɛ̃.dʁe/ |
enfreindras /ɑ̃.fʁɛ̃.dʁa/ |
enfreindra /ɑ̃.fʁɛ̃.dʁa/ |
enfreindrons /ɑ̃.fʁɛ̃.dʁɔ̃/ |
enfreindrez /ɑ̃.fʁɛ̃.dʁe/ |
enfreindront /ɑ̃.fʁɛ̃.dʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | enfreindrais /ɑ̃.fʁɛ̃.dʁɛ/ |
enfreindrais /ɑ̃.fʁɛ̃.dʁɛ/ |
enfreindrait /ɑ̃.fʁɛ̃.dʁɛ/ |
enfreindrions /ɑ̃.fʁɛ̃.dʁi.jɔ̃/ |
enfreindriez /ɑ̃.fʁɛ̃.dʁi.je/ |
enfreindraient /ɑ̃.fʁɛ̃.dʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | enfreigne /ɑ̃.fʁɛɲ/ |
enfreignes /ɑ̃.fʁɛɲ/ |
enfreigne /ɑ̃.fʁɛɲ/ |
enfreignions /ɑ̃.fʁɛ.ɲjɔ̃/ or /ɑ̃.fʁe.ɲjɔ̃/ |
enfreigniez /ɑ̃.fʁɛ.ɲje/ or /ɑ̃.fʁe.ɲje/ |
enfreignent /ɑ̃.fʁɛɲ/ |
| imperfect2 | enfreignisse /ɑ̃.fʁɛ.ɲis/ or /ɑ̃.fʁe.ɲis/ |
enfreignisses /ɑ̃.fʁɛ.ɲis/ or /ɑ̃.fʁe.ɲis/ |
enfreignît /ɑ̃.fʁɛ.ɲi/ or /ɑ̃.fʁe.ɲi/ |
enfreignissions /ɑ̃.fʁɛ.ɲi.sjɔ̃/ or /ɑ̃.fʁe.ɲi.sjɔ̃/ |
enfreignissiez /ɑ̃.fʁɛ.ɲi.sje/ or /ɑ̃.fʁe.ɲi.sje/ |
enfreignissent /ɑ̃.fʁɛ.ɲis/ or /ɑ̃.fʁe.ɲis/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | enfreins /ɑ̃.fʁɛ̃/ |
— | enfreignons /ɑ̃.fʁɛ.ɲɔ̃/ or /ɑ̃.fʁe.ɲɔ̃/ |
enfreignez /ɑ̃.fʁɛ.ɲe/ or /ɑ̃.fʁe.ɲe/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Related terms edit
Further reading edit
- “enfreindre”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.