enjoindre

French

Etymology

First attested circa 1191 in Old French as anjoindre, from Latin injungere, iniungere, present active infinitive of iniungo, altered after joindre.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɑ̃.ʒwɛ̃dʁ/

• Audio:

  (file)

Verb

enjoindre

1. (transitive) to order; to enjoin (someone à faire something)

Conjugation

This verb is conjugated like peindre. It uses the same endings as rendre or vendre, but its -nd- becomes -gn- before a vowel, and its past participle ends in 't' instead of a vowel.

Conjugation of enjoindre (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	enjoindre
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	enjoignant /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		enjoint /ɑ̃.ʒwɛ̃/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	enjoins /ɑ̃.ʒwɛ̃/	enjoins /ɑ̃.ʒwɛ̃/	enjoint /ɑ̃.ʒwɛ̃/	enjoignons /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲɔ̃/	enjoignez /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲe/	enjoignent /ɑ̃.ʒwaɲ/
	imperfect	enjoignais /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲɛ/	enjoignais /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲɛ/	enjoignait /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲɛ/	enjoignions /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲjɔ̃/	enjoigniez /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲje/	enjoignaient /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲɛ/
	past historic2	enjoignis /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲi/	enjoignis /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲi/	enjoignit /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲi/	enjoignîmes /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲim/	enjoignîtes /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲit/	enjoignirent /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲiʁ/
	future	enjoindrai /ɑ̃.ʒwɛ̃.dʁe/	enjoindras /ɑ̃.ʒwɛ̃.dʁa/	enjoindra /ɑ̃.ʒwɛ̃.dʁa/	enjoindrons /ɑ̃.ʒwɛ̃.dʁɔ̃/	enjoindrez /ɑ̃.ʒwɛ̃.dʁe/	enjoindront /ɑ̃.ʒwɛ̃.dʁɔ̃/
	conditional	enjoindrais /ɑ̃.ʒwɛ̃.dʁɛ/	enjoindrais /ɑ̃.ʒwɛ̃.dʁɛ/	enjoindrait /ɑ̃.ʒwɛ̃.dʁɛ/	enjoindrions /ɑ̃.ʒwɛ̃.dʁi.jɔ̃/	enjoindriez /ɑ̃.ʒwɛ̃.dʁi.je/	enjoindraient /ɑ̃.ʒwɛ̃.dʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	enjoigne /ɑ̃.ʒwaɲ/	enjoignes /ɑ̃.ʒwaɲ/	enjoigne /ɑ̃.ʒwaɲ/	enjoignions /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲjɔ̃/	enjoigniez /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲje/	enjoignent /ɑ̃.ʒwaɲ/
	imperfect2	enjoignisse /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲis/	enjoignisses /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲis/	enjoignît /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲi/	enjoignissions /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲi.sjɔ̃/	enjoignissiez /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲi.sje/	enjoignissent /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲis/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	enjoins /ɑ̃.ʒwɛ̃/	—	enjoignons /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲɔ̃/	enjoignez /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲe/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Related terms

• joindre
• injonction

Further reading

• “enjoindre”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.