escarper

French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɛs.kaʁ.pe/

• Audio (France, Bourg-en-Bresse):

  (file)

Etymology 1

From escarpe +‎ -er.

Verb

escarper

1. (reflexive) to steepen, to become steeper
2. (reflexive, figuratively) to harden, to become more difficult

Conjugation

Conjugation of escarper (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	escarper
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	escarpant /ɛs.kaʁ.pɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		escarpé /ɛs.kaʁ.pe/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	escarpe /ɛs.kaʁp/	escarpes /ɛs.kaʁp/	escarpe /ɛs.kaʁp/	escarpons /ɛs.kaʁ.pɔ̃/	escarpez /ɛs.kaʁ.pe/	escarpent /ɛs.kaʁp/
	imperfect	escarpais /ɛs.kaʁ.pɛ/	escarpais /ɛs.kaʁ.pɛ/	escarpait /ɛs.kaʁ.pɛ/	escarpions /ɛs.kaʁ.pjɔ̃/	escarpiez /ɛs.kaʁ.pje/	escarpaient /ɛs.kaʁ.pɛ/
	past historic2	escarpai /ɛs.kaʁ.pe/	escarpas /ɛs.kaʁ.pa/	escarpa /ɛs.kaʁ.pa/	escarpâmes /ɛs.kaʁ.pam/	escarpâtes /ɛs.kaʁ.pat/	escarpèrent /ɛs.kaʁ.pɛʁ/
	future	escarperai /ɛs.kaʁ.pə.ʁe/	escarperas /ɛs.kaʁ.pə.ʁa/	escarpera /ɛs.kaʁ.pə.ʁa/	escarperons /ɛs.kaʁ.pə.ʁɔ̃/	escarperez /ɛs.kaʁ.pə.ʁe/	escarperont /ɛs.kaʁ.pə.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	escarperais /ɛs.kaʁ.pə.ʁɛ/	escarperais /ɛs.kaʁ.pə.ʁɛ/	escarperait /ɛs.kaʁ.pə.ʁɛ/	escarperions /ɛs.kaʁ.pə.ʁjɔ̃/	escarperiez /ɛs.kaʁ.pə.ʁje/	escarperaient /ɛs.kaʁ.pə.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	escarpe /ɛs.kaʁp/	escarpes /ɛs.kaʁp/	escarpe /ɛs.kaʁp/	escarpions /ɛs.kaʁ.pjɔ̃/	escarpiez /ɛs.kaʁ.pje/	escarpent /ɛs.kaʁp/
	imperfect2	escarpasse /ɛs.kaʁ.pas/	escarpasses /ɛs.kaʁ.pas/	escarpât /ɛs.kaʁ.pa/	escarpassions /ɛs.kaʁ.pa.sjɔ̃/	escarpassiez /ɛs.kaʁ.pa.sje/	escarpassent /ɛs.kaʁ.pas/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	escarpe /ɛs.kaʁp/	—	escarpons /ɛs.kaʁ.pɔ̃/	escarpez /ɛs.kaʁ.pe/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Derived terms

• escarpé
• escarpement

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Franco-Provençal escarpi. Doublet of écharper.

Verb

escarper

1. (slang) to escalate

Conjugation

Conjugation of escarper (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	escarper
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	escarpant /ɛs.kaʁ.pɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		escarpé /ɛs.kaʁ.pe/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	escarpe /ɛs.kaʁp/	escarpes /ɛs.kaʁp/	escarpe /ɛs.kaʁp/	escarpons /ɛs.kaʁ.pɔ̃/	escarpez /ɛs.kaʁ.pe/	escarpent /ɛs.kaʁp/
	imperfect	escarpais /ɛs.kaʁ.pɛ/	escarpais /ɛs.kaʁ.pɛ/	escarpait /ɛs.kaʁ.pɛ/	escarpions /ɛs.kaʁ.pjɔ̃/	escarpiez /ɛs.kaʁ.pje/	escarpaient /ɛs.kaʁ.pɛ/
	past historic2	escarpai /ɛs.kaʁ.pe/	escarpas /ɛs.kaʁ.pa/	escarpa /ɛs.kaʁ.pa/	escarpâmes /ɛs.kaʁ.pam/	escarpâtes /ɛs.kaʁ.pat/	escarpèrent /ɛs.kaʁ.pɛʁ/
	future	escarperai /ɛs.kaʁ.pə.ʁe/	escarperas /ɛs.kaʁ.pə.ʁa/	escarpera /ɛs.kaʁ.pə.ʁa/	escarperons /ɛs.kaʁ.pə.ʁɔ̃/	escarperez /ɛs.kaʁ.pə.ʁe/	escarperont /ɛs.kaʁ.pə.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	escarperais /ɛs.kaʁ.pə.ʁɛ/	escarperais /ɛs.kaʁ.pə.ʁɛ/	escarperait /ɛs.kaʁ.pə.ʁɛ/	escarperions /ɛs.kaʁ.pə.ʁjɔ̃/	escarperiez /ɛs.kaʁ.pə.ʁje/	escarperaient /ɛs.kaʁ.pə.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	escarpe /ɛs.kaʁp/	escarpes /ɛs.kaʁp/	escarpe /ɛs.kaʁp/	escarpions /ɛs.kaʁ.pjɔ̃/	escarpiez /ɛs.kaʁ.pje/	escarpent /ɛs.kaʁp/
	imperfect2	escarpasse /ɛs.kaʁ.pas/	escarpasses /ɛs.kaʁ.pas/	escarpât /ɛs.kaʁ.pa/	escarpassions /ɛs.kaʁ.pa.sjɔ̃/	escarpassiez /ɛs.kaʁ.pa.sje/	escarpassent /ɛs.kaʁ.pas/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	escarpe /ɛs.kaʁp/	—	escarpons /ɛs.kaʁ.pɔ̃/	escarpez /ɛs.kaʁ.pe/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Further reading

• “escarper”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.