esteru
Welsh
editEtymology
editPronunciation
edit- (North Wales) IPA(key): /ɛsˈdɛrɨ/, [ɛsˈtɛrɨ]
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /ɛsˈdeːrɨ/, /ɛsˈdɛrɨ/, [ɛsˈteːrɨ], [ɛsˈtɛrɨ]
Verb
editesteru (first-person singular present esteraf)
Conjugation
editConjugation (literary)
singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
present indicative/future | esteraf | esteri | estera | esterwn | esterwch | esterant | esterir | |
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional |
esterwn | esterit | esterai | esterem | esterech | esterent | esterid | |
preterite | esterais | esteraist | esterodd | esterasom | esterasoch | esterasant | esterwyd | |
pluperfect | esteraswn | esterasit | esterasai | esterasem | esterasech | esterasent | esterasid, esteresid | |
present subjunctive | esterwyf | esterych | estero | esterom | esteroch | esteront | esterer | |
imperative | — | estera | estered | esterwn | esterwch | esterent | esterer | |
verbal noun | esteru | |||||||
verbal adjectives | esteredig esteradwy |
Conjugation (colloquial)
Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | |
future | estera i, esteraf i | esteri di | esterith o/e/hi, esteriff e/hi | esterwn ni | esterwch chi | esteran nhw |
conditional | esterwn i, esterswn i | esteret ti, esterset ti | esterai fo/fe/hi, estersai fo/fe/hi | esteren ni, estersen ni | esterech chi, estersech chi | esteren nhw, estersen nhw |
preterite | esterais i, esteres i | esteraist ti, esterest ti | esterodd o/e/hi | esteron ni | esteroch chi | esteron nhw |
imperative | — | estera | — | — | esterwch | — |
Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. |
Derived terms
edit- esteriad (“esterification”)
Mutation
editWelsh mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
radical | soft | nasal | h-prothesis |
esteru | unchanged | unchanged | hesteru |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Further reading
edit- Griffiths, Bruce, Glyn Jones, Dafydd (1995) Geiriadur yr Academi: The Welsh Academy English–Welsh Dictionary[1], Cardiff: University of Wales Press, →ISBN
- Delyth Prys, J.P.M. Jones, Owain Davies, Gruffudd Prys (2006) Y Termiadur: termau wedi'u safoni; standardised terminology[2] (in Welsh), Cardiff: Awdurdod cymwysterau, cwricwlwm ac asesu Cymru (Qualifications curriculum & assessment authority for Wales), →ISBN