-u
AlbanianEdit
EtymologyEdit
Suffixed definite article attached on nouns ending with k, g (IPA(key): [k], [ɡ]). From the ending Proto-Indo-European *-osyo. cognate to Messapic -aihi.[1][2][3]
Related to Albanian -i (“of the, etc.”), Albanian i (“of, the, to”).
PronunciationEdit
ArticleEdit
-u m
Related termsEdit
- (suffixed article, suffix): -a, -e, -ë, -i, -o, -ia, -ja, -je, -jë, -at, -et, -ët, -it, -ot, -ut, -të, -ri, -ishte, -ishtja
- (article, preposition): e, i, së, të
ReferencesEdit
ChuukeseEdit
EtymologyEdit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
SuffixEdit
-u
EsperantoEdit
Etymology 1Edit
Etymology unclear. Perhaps from the Greek -ou imperative (pronounced [u]) of deponent verbs such as dekhou “receive!”, or from the Hebrew imperative -û. It may instead—or also—be connected to the vowel of the Esperanto conditional suffix -us, minus the s of the indicative inflections.
SuffixEdit
-u
- volitive inflection of verbs, indicating that an action or state is desired, requested, ordered, or aimed for.
- Donu ĝin al mi.
- Give it to me. (expresses a request or command)
- Ni faru tion.
- Let's do that. (expresses a desire or aim)
- Mi iru dormi.
- I ought to go to sleep. (expresses desirability of the action)
- Via infano sukcesu en la vivo.
- May your child be successful in life. (wish or desire)
- Mi volas, ke vi helpu min.
- I want you to help me. (desire)
- Ŝi petas, ke mi silentu.
- She asks that I be silent. (request)
Etymology 2Edit
Apparently connected to the u at the end of unu (“one, a certain”).
SuffixEdit
-u
EstonianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Uralic *-w (as applied to stems ending in -e). Cognate with Finnish -u.
SuffixEdit
-u (genitive -u, partitive -u)
- Derives nouns from verbs or prefixes
Derived termsEdit
FinnishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Finnic *-u, from Proto-Uralic *-w (as applied to stems ending in -e). Cognate with Estonian -u.
SuffixEdit
-u (front vowel harmony variant -y)
- Forms nouns from verbs. Most common with e- and i-stem verbs.
- Derives a number of nouns from other nouns.
Usage notesEdit
The front-harmonic variant -y is only used when the first vowel of the word is one of the harmonic front vowels y, ä, ö; words beginning with neutral front vowels e, i take the back-harmonic variant.
DeclensionEdit
Inflection of -u (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative | -u | -ut | |
genitive | -un | -ujen | |
partitive | -ua | -uja | |
illative | -uun | -uihin | |
singular | plural | ||
nominative | -u | -ut | |
accusative | nom. | -u | -ut |
gen. | -un | ||
genitive | -un | -ujen | |
partitive | -ua | -uja | |
inessive | -ussa | -uissa | |
elative | -usta | -uista | |
illative | -uun | -uihin | |
adessive | -ulla | -uilla | |
ablative | -ulta | -uilta | |
allative | -ulle | -uille | |
essive | -una | -uina | |
translative | -uksi | -uiksi | |
instructive | — | -uin | |
abessive | -utta | -uitta | |
comitative | — | -uineen |
Possessive forms of -u (type valo) | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | singular | plural |
1st person | -uni | -umme |
2nd person | -usi | -unne |
3rd person | -unsa |
Inflection of -u (Kotus type 2/palvelu, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative | -u | -ut | |
genitive | -un | -ujen -uiden -uitten | |
partitive | -ua | -uja -uita | |
illative | -uun | -uihin | |
singular | plural | ||
nominative | -u | -ut | |
accusative | nom. | -u | -ut |
gen. | -un | ||
genitive | -un | -ujen -uiden -uitten | |
partitive | -ua | -uja -uita | |
inessive | -ussa | -uissa | |
elative | -usta | -uista | |
illative | -uun | -uihin | |
adessive | -ulla | -uilla | |
ablative | -ulta | -uilta | |
allative | -ulle | -uille | |
essive | -una | -uina | |
translative | -uksi | -uiksi | |
instructive | — | -uin | |
abessive | -utta | -uitta | |
comitative | — | -uineen |
Possessive forms of -u (type palvelu) | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | singular | plural |
1st person | -uni | -umme |
2nd person | -usi | -unne |
3rd person | -unsa |
Derived termsEdit
See alsoEdit
FrenchEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-u
- Forming adjectives having the sense of ‘having quality of, being provided with’ (the root word).
Derived termsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- ^ -u, -ue; in: Jacqueline Picoche, Jean-Claude Rolland, Dictionnaire étymologique du français, Paris 2009, Dictionnaires Le Robert
GothicEdit
RomanizationEdit
-u
- Romanization of -𐌿
GreenlandicEdit
EtymologyEdit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
SuffixEdit
-u (n-v?, truncative?, uses -j- as interfix?)
- be
- ilinniartitsisoq (“teacher”) -> ilinniartitsisiuuvugut (“we are teachers”) .
- Ukiuuvoq.
- It is winter.
- 1998 May 7, "Tasiilami efterskoleqalernissaa Jakob Sivertsen-ip sulissutigaa", Atuagagdliutit / Grønlandsposten
- 1992, "Meeqqakka", Atuagagdliutit/Grønlandsposten
- Ernerput anguteqatiminoortartunngorsimavoq (19-inik ukioqarluni paasineqarpoq), niviarsiararlu nukarleq arnaqatiminoortartunngorsimalluni. Akulleq pissusissamisoortuuvoq.
- Our son has become gay (it was discovered when he was 19 years old), and the youngest girl has become a lesbian. The middle [child] is as she should be [i.e. heterosexual].
- Ernerput anguteqatiminoortartunngorsimavoq (19-inik ukioqarluni paasineqarpoq), niviarsiararlu nukarleq arnaqatiminoortartunngorsimalluni. Akulleq pissusissamisoortuuvoq.
Usage notesEdit
May become additive after a strong q base.
ReferencesEdit
- Bjørnum, S.: Grønlandsk Grammatik, p. 275. Atuagkat 2003.
- Vestgrønlands Grammatik, p. 81, F.A.J. Nielsen, 2014
- -u in Katersat
HungarianEdit
EtymologyEdit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-u
- (diminutive suffix) Added to a noun or a proper noun to form a diminutive.
Derived termsEdit
See alsoEdit
IdoEdit
EtymologyEdit
Common vowel found in pronouns in Romance languages: French tu, Italian tu and Spanish tú, also in French vous and as an o in Italian voi and Spanish vos, etc. (Compare tu and vu)
SuffixEdit
-u
Usage notesEdit
As it is used to form pronouns, you cannot use it to create nouns. Instead, to form an agent from an adjective like felica (“happy”), you just make it a noun: felico (“a happy person”).
Derived termsEdit
LatinEdit
SuffixEdit
-ū
- ablative/locative singular of -us for fourth-declension nouns.
MalteseEdit
Alternative formsEdit
- -h (after a vowel)
EtymologyEdit
SuffixEdit
-u
Related termsEdit
MaoriEdit
EtymologyEdit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
SuffixEdit
-u
- Used in contractions with particles of possession to mean you
See alsoEdit
Northern SamiEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Proto-Samic *-ō. Cognate with Finnish -o.
SuffixEdit
-u
- Forms result or action nouns from verbs.
Usage notesEdit
- This suffix triggers the strong grade on a preceding stressed syllable.
InflectionEdit
Even u-stem, no gradation | ||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | -u | |||||||||||||||||||||
Genitive | -u -ọ | |||||||||||||||||||||
Singular | Plural | |||||||||||||||||||||
Nominative | -u | -ut | ||||||||||||||||||||
Accusative | -u | -ūid | ||||||||||||||||||||
Genitive | -u -ọ |
-ūid | ||||||||||||||||||||
Illative | -ui | -ūide | ||||||||||||||||||||
Locative | -us | -ūin | ||||||||||||||||||||
Comitative | -ūin | -ūiguin | ||||||||||||||||||||
Essive | -un | |||||||||||||||||||||
|
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
SuffixEdit
-u
- Form of the suffix -i used with verbs in -ut.
Usage notesEdit
- This suffix triggers the strongest grade on a preceding stressed syllable.
InflectionEdit
Even u-stem, no gradation | ||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | -u | |||||||||||||||||||||
Genitive | -u -ọ | |||||||||||||||||||||
Singular | Plural | |||||||||||||||||||||
Nominative | -u | -ut | ||||||||||||||||||||
Accusative | -u | -ūid | ||||||||||||||||||||
Genitive | -u -ọ |
-ūid | ||||||||||||||||||||
Illative | -ui | -ūide | ||||||||||||||||||||
Locative | -us | -ūin | ||||||||||||||||||||
Comitative | -ūin | -ūiguin | ||||||||||||||||||||
Essive | -un | |||||||||||||||||||||
|
Derived termsEdit
Old EnglishEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
From suppletive fusion of Old English feminine ending -u, -o and Proto-Germanic *-į̄ (“feminine abstract ending”). Akin to Gothic feminine abstracts in -𐌴𐌹 (-ei) (compare 𐌼𐌹𐌺𐌹𐌻𐌴𐌹 (mikilei, “greatness”); 𐌳𐌹𐌿𐍀𐌴𐌹 (diupei, “depth”)).
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-u
- ending used to form abstract nouns from adjectives (compare Modern English -ness), often causing i-mutation, and remaining even when preceded by a long syllable
- eald (“old”) + -u → ieldu (“age”)
- hāliġ (“holy, sacred; pious”) + -u → hāligu (“holiness”)
- hāl (“sound, healthy, intact”) + -u → hǣlu (“wholeness, health”)
- hāt (“hot”) + -u → hǣtu (“heat, warmth”)
- mennisc (“human, natural, humane”) + -u → menniscu (“humanity”)
- miċel (“big, large; great”) + -u → miċelu (“greatness, size”)
Usage notesEdit
In later Old English, -u became -o and the declension altered to reflect the following paradigm
DeclensionEdit
Old FrenchEdit
EtymologyEdit
SuffixEdit
-u
- suffixed used to form adjectives (oblique masculine singular) from nouns
Derived termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
PhaluraEdit
Etymology 1Edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-u
- Masculine singular agreement suffix
ReferencesEdit
- Liljegren, Henrik; Haider, Naseem (2011) Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)[1], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN
Etymology 2Edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-u
- Masculine nominative/singular agreement suffix
ReferencesEdit
PolishEdit
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-u
- (sometimes archaic) forms the masculine dative singular, now used to create adverbs, always used in conjunction with po
- forms the inanimate masculine genitive singular after soft or historically soft stems
- (rare) forms the masculine dative singular in certain words
- forms the masculine locative singular
- forms the masculine vocative singular
- forms the feminine vocative singular after -ś and -ź
- forms the neuter dative singular in soft and velar stems
- forms the neuter locative singular in soft and velar stems
Derived termsEdit
Further readingEdit
TurkishEdit
SuffixEdit
-u
WelshEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Middle Welsh -u, from Proto-Brythonic *-oβ̃.
SuffixEdit
-u
Usage notesEdit
This suffix is mostly used where the vowel in the last syllable is a, ae, e, or y.[1]
Derived termsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- ^ Morris Jones, John (1913) A Welsh Grammar, Historical and Comparative, Oxford: Clarendon Press, § 202 iii