-u
Albanian Edit
Etymology Edit
Suffixed definite article attached on nouns ending with k, g (IPA(key): [k], [ɡ]). From the ending Proto-Indo-European *-osyo. cognate to Messapic -aihi.[1][2][3]
Related to Albanian -i (“of the, etc.”), Albanian i (“of, the, to”).
Pronunciation Edit
Article Edit
-u m
Related terms Edit
- (suffixed article, suffix): -a, -e, -ë, -i, -o, -ia, -ja, -je, -jë, -at, -et, -ët, -it, -ot, -ut, -të, -ri, -ishte, -ishtja
- (article, preposition): e, i, së, të
References Edit
Chuukese Edit
Etymology Edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Suffix Edit
-u
Esperanto Edit
Etymology 1 Edit
Etymology unclear. Perhaps from the Greek -ou imperative (pronounced [u]) of deponent verbs such as dekhou “receive!”, or from the Hebrew imperative -û. It may instead—or also—be connected to the vowel of the Esperanto conditional suffix -us, minus the s of the indicative inflections.
Suffix Edit
-u
- volitive inflection of verbs, indicating that an action or state is desired, requested, ordered, or aimed for.
- Donu ĝin al mi.
- Give it to me. (expresses a request or command)
- Ni faru tion.
- Let's do that. (expresses a desire or aim)
- Mi iru dormi.
- I ought to go to sleep. (expresses desirability of the action)
- Via infano sukcesu en la vivo.
- May your child be successful in life. (wish or desire)
- Mi volas, ke vi helpu min.
- I want you to help me. (desire)
- Ŝi petas, ke mi silentu.
- She asks that I be silent. (request)
Etymology 2 Edit
Apparently connected to the u at the end of unu (“one, a certain”).
Suffix Edit
-u
Estonian Edit
Etymology Edit
From Proto-Uralic *-w (as applied to stems ending in -e). Cognate with Finnish -u.
Suffix Edit
-u (genitive -u, partitive -u)
- Derives nouns from verbs or prefixes
Derived terms Edit
Finnish Edit
Etymology Edit
From Proto-Finnic *-u, from Proto-Uralic *-w (as applied to stems ending in -e). Cognate with Estonian -u.
Suffix Edit
-u (front vowel harmony variant -y)
- Forms nouns from verbs. Most common with e- and i-stem verbs.
- Derives a number of nouns from other nouns.
Usage notes Edit
The front-harmonic variant -y is only used when the first vowel of the word is one of the harmonic front vowels -y-, -ä-, -ö-; words beginning with neutral front vowels e, i take the back-harmonic variant.
Declension Edit
Inflection of -u (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | -u | -ut | ||
genitive | -un | -ujen | ||
partitive | -ua | -uja | ||
illative | -uun | -uihin | ||
singular | plural | |||
nominative | -u | -ut | ||
accusative | nom. | -u | -ut | |
gen. | -un | |||
genitive | -un | -ujen | ||
partitive | -ua | -uja | ||
inessive | -ussa | -uissa | ||
elative | -usta | -uista | ||
illative | -uun | -uihin | ||
adessive | -ulla | -uilla | ||
ablative | -ulta | -uilta | ||
allative | -ulle | -uille | ||
essive | -una | -uina | ||
translative | -uksi | -uiksi | ||
instructive | — | -uin | ||
abessive | -utta | -uitta | ||
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Possessive forms of -u (type valo) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Inflection of -u (Kotus type 2/palvelu, no gradation) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | -u | -ut | ||
genitive | -un | -ujen -uiden -uitten | ||
partitive | -ua | -uja -uita | ||
illative | -uun | -uihin | ||
singular | plural | |||
nominative | -u | -ut | ||
accusative | nom. | -u | -ut | |
gen. | -un | |||
genitive | -un | -ujen -uiden -uitten | ||
partitive | -ua | -uja -uita | ||
inessive | -ussa | -uissa | ||
elative | -usta | -uista | ||
illative | -uun | -uihin | ||
adessive | -ulla | -uilla | ||
ablative | -ulta | -uilta | ||
allative | -ulle | -uille | ||
essive | -una | -uina | ||
translative | -uksi | -uiksi | ||
instructive | — | -uin | ||
abessive | -utta | -uitta | ||
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Possessive forms of -u (type palvelu) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Derived terms Edit
See also Edit
French Edit
Etymology Edit
Inherited from Latin -ūtus.[1]
Pronunciation Edit
Suffix Edit
-u
- Forming adjectives having the sense of ‘having quality of, being provided with’ (the root word).
Derived terms Edit
References Edit
- ^ -u, -ue; in: Jacqueline Picoche, Jean-Claude Rolland, Dictionnaire étymologique du français, Paris 2009, Dictionnaires Le Robert
Gothic Edit
Romanization Edit
-u
- Romanization of -𐌿
Greenlandic Edit
Etymology Edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Suffix Edit
-u (n-v?, truncative?, uses -j- as interfix?)
- be
- ilinniartitsisoq (“teacher”) -> ilinniartitsisiuuvugut (“we are teachers”) .
- Ukiuuvoq.
- It is winter.
- 1998 May 7, “Tasiilami efterskoleqalernissaa Jakob Sivertsen-ip sulissutigaa”, in Atuagagdliutit / Grønlandsposten:
- 1992, “Meeqqakka”, in Atuagagdliutit/Grønlandsposten:
- Ernerput anguteqatiminoortartunngorsimavoq (19-inik ukioqarluni paasineqarpoq), niviarsiararlu nukarleq arnaqatiminoortartunngorsimalluni. Akulleq pissusissamisoortuuvoq.
- Our son has become gay (it was discovered when he was 19 years old), and the youngest girl has become a lesbian. The middle [child] is as she should be [i.e. heterosexual].
Usage notes Edit
May become additive after a strong q base.
References Edit
- Bjørnum, S.: Grønlandsk Grammatik, p. 275. Atuagkat 2003.
- Vestgrønlands Grammatik, p. 81, F.A.J. Nielsen, 2014
- -u in Katersat
Hungarian Edit
Etymology Edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation Edit
Suffix Edit
-u
- (diminutive suffix) Added to a noun or a proper noun to form a diminutive.
Derived terms Edit
See also Edit
Ido Edit
Etymology Edit
Common vowel found in pronouns in Romance languages: French tu, Italian tu and Spanish tú, also in French vous and as an o in Italian voi and Spanish vos, etc. (Compare tu and vu)
Suffix Edit
-u
Usage notes Edit
As it is used to form pronouns, you cannot use it to create nouns. Instead, to form an agent from an adjective like felica (“happy”), you just make it a noun: felico (“a happy person”).
Derived terms Edit
Latin Edit
Suffix Edit
-ū
- ablative/locative singular of -us for fourth-declension nouns.
Maltese Edit
Alternative forms Edit
- -h (after a vowel)
Etymology Edit
Suffix Edit
-u
Related terms Edit
Maori Edit
Etymology Edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Suffix Edit
-u
- Used in contractions with particles of possession to mean you
See also Edit
Northern Sami Edit
Pronunciation Edit
Etymology 1 Edit
From Proto-Samic *-ō. Cognate with Finnish -o.
Suffix Edit
-u
- Forms result or action nouns from verbs.
Usage notes Edit
- This suffix triggers the strong grade on a preceding stressed syllable.
Inflection Edit
Even u-stem, no gradation | ||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | -u | |||||||||||||||||||||
Genitive | -u -ọ | |||||||||||||||||||||
Singular | Plural | |||||||||||||||||||||
Nominative | -u | -ut | ||||||||||||||||||||
Accusative | -u | -ūid | ||||||||||||||||||||
Genitive | -u -ọ |
-ūid | ||||||||||||||||||||
Illative | -ui | -ūide | ||||||||||||||||||||
Locative | -us | -ūin | ||||||||||||||||||||
Comitative | -ūin | -ūiguin | ||||||||||||||||||||
Essive | -un | |||||||||||||||||||||
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Derived terms Edit
Etymology 2 Edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Suffix Edit
-u
- Form of the suffix -i used with verbs in -ut.
Usage notes Edit
- This suffix triggers the strongest grade on a preceding stressed syllable.
Inflection Edit
Even u-stem, no gradation | ||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | -u | |||||||||||||||||||||
Genitive | -u -ọ | |||||||||||||||||||||
Singular | Plural | |||||||||||||||||||||
Nominative | -u | -ut | ||||||||||||||||||||
Accusative | -u | -ūid | ||||||||||||||||||||
Genitive | -u -ọ |
-ūid | ||||||||||||||||||||
Illative | -ui | -ūide | ||||||||||||||||||||
Locative | -us | -ūin | ||||||||||||||||||||
Comitative | -ūin | -ūiguin | ||||||||||||||||||||
Essive | -un | |||||||||||||||||||||
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Derived terms Edit
Old English Edit
Alternative forms Edit
Etymology Edit
From suppletive fusion of Old English feminine ending -u, -o and Proto-Germanic *-į̄ (“feminine abstract ending”). Akin to Gothic feminine abstracts in -𐌴𐌹 (-ei) (compare 𐌼𐌹𐌺𐌹𐌻𐌴𐌹 (mikilei, “greatness”); 𐌳𐌹𐌿𐍀𐌴𐌹 (diupei, “depth”)).
Pronunciation Edit
Suffix Edit
-u
- ending used to form abstract nouns from adjectives (compare Modern English -ness), often causing i-mutation, and remaining even when preceded by a long syllable
- eald (“old”) + -u → ieldu (“age”)
- hāliġ (“holy, sacred; pious”) + -u → hāligu (“holiness”)
- hāl (“sound, healthy, intact”) + -u → hǣlu (“wholeness, health”)
- hāt (“hot”) + -u → hǣtu (“heat, warmth”)
- mennisc (“human, natural, humane”) + -u → menniscu (“humanity”)
- miċel (“big, large; great”) + -u → miċelu (“greatness, size”)
Usage notes Edit
In later Old English, -u became -o and the declension altered to reflect the following paradigm
Declension Edit
Derived terms Edit
Old French Edit
Etymology Edit
Suffix Edit
-u
- suffixed used to form adjectives (oblique masculine singular) from nouns
Derived terms Edit
Descendants Edit
Phalura Edit
Etymology 1 Edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation Edit
Suffix Edit
-u
- Masculine singular agreement suffix
References Edit
- Liljegren, Henrik; Haider, Naseem (2011) Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)[1], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN
Etymology 2 Edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation Edit
Suffix Edit
-u
- Masculine nominative/singular agreement suffix
References Edit
Polish Edit
Pronunciation Edit
Suffix Edit
-u
- (sometimes archaic) forms the masculine dative singular, now used to create adverbs, always used in conjunction with po
- forms the inanimate masculine genitive singular after soft or historically soft stems
- (rare) forms the masculine dative singular in certain words
- forms the masculine locative singular
- forms the masculine vocative singular
- forms the feminine vocative singular after -ś and -ź
- forms the neuter dative singular in soft and velar stems
- forms the neuter locative singular in soft and velar stems
Derived terms Edit
Further reading Edit
Turkish Edit
preceding vowel | |||
---|---|---|---|
A / I | E / İ | O / U | Ö / Ü |
-ı | -i | -u | -ü |
Etymology 1 Edit
Accusative suffix.
Suffix Edit
-u
Etymology 2 Edit
Possessive suffix.
Suffix Edit
-u
Etymology 3 Edit
Derivative suffix.
Suffix Edit
-u
Welsh Edit
Etymology Edit
From Middle Welsh -u, from Proto-Brythonic *-oβ̃.
Pronunciation Edit
- (North Wales) IPA(key): /ɨ̞/
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /i/
Suffix Edit
-u
Usage notes Edit
This suffix is mostly used where the vowel in the last syllable is a, ae, e, or y.[1]
Derived terms Edit
References Edit
- ^ Morris Jones, John (1913) A Welsh Grammar, Historical and Comparative, Oxford: Clarendon Press, § 202 iii