ester
English edit
Etymology edit
From German Ester, perhaps a contraction or abstraction of Essigäther (“ethyl acetate”), from Essig (“vinegar”) (from Latin acetum) and Äther (“ether”). See ether for more.
Pronunciation edit
- (General American) IPA(key): /ˈɛstɚ/
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈɛstə/
Audio (Southern England) (file) - Rhymes: -ɛstə(ɹ)
- Homophone: Esther
Noun edit
ester (plural esters)
- (organic chemistry) A compound most often formed by the condensation of an alcohol and an acid, with elimination of water, which contains the functional group carbon-oxygen double bond (i.e., carbonyl) joined via carbon to another oxygen atom.
- 1991, Malcolm B. Hale et al., “New Products and Markets for Menhaden, Brevoortia spp.”, in Marine Fisheries Review, volume 53, number 4, page 47:
- To produce a test material containing at least 75 percent omega-3 polyunsaturates, the menhaden triglycerides are transesterified to produce fatty acid ethyl esters. The esters are reacted with urea dissolved in hot ethanol and the solution is cooled overnight.
- 1991, W. F. Kean, C. J. L. Lock, H. E. Howard-Lock, “Chirality in antirheumatic drugs”, in The Lancet, volume 338, , page 1567:
- The thiol-coenzyme-A ester formed by R-arylpropionic acid can bind to triglyceride to form a “hybrid” triglyceride: such hybrid triglycerides can cause alteration of fatty-acid metabolism and membrane function, and a lipophilic triglyceride–propionic-acid hybrid would be able to cross lipid membranes such as the blood–brain barrier.
- 1996, Steven Ashley, “Composite car structures pass the crash test”, in Mechanical Engineering[1], volume 118, number 12, page 60:
- The effort’s primary material systems are vinyl esters and polyurethanes, reinforced with inexpensive chopped-glass rovings. Automated glass-fiber preforming processes and high-rate molding procedures are being studied in an effort to reduce cycle times and production costs substantially.
Derived terms edit
- acetylesterase
- aminoester
- carboxylesterase
- diester
- elastomultiester
- enamino ester
- esmolol
- esterase
- estergum
- esterification
- esterify
- esterize
- hemiester
- hydroxy ester
- iminoester
- interester
- isoester
- jojoba ester
- ketoester
- monoester
- nonester
- oligoester
- orthoester
- oxyester
- perester
- phosphoester
- polyesteramide
- polyphosphoester
- selenoester
- silicon ester
- thioester
- transesterification
- transesterify
- triester
Translations edit
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Anagrams edit
Cornish edit
Noun edit
ester f (singulative estren)
Czech edit
Noun edit
ester m inan
Declension edit
Further reading edit
Danish edit
Etymology 1 edit
Noun edit
ester c (singular definite esteren, plural indefinite estere)
Declension edit
Synonyms edit
Etymology 2 edit
Noun edit
ester c (singular definite esteren, plural indefinite estere)
Declension edit
Derived terms edit
References edit
- “ester” in Den Danske Ordbog
Dutch edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
ester m (plural esters, diminutive estertje n)
- (organic chemistry) ester
Descendants edit
- → Indonesian: ester
Estonian edit
Etymology edit
Noun edit
ester (genitive estri, partitive estrit)
Declension edit
Declension of ester (ÕS type 2/õpik, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | ||
nominative | ester | estrid | |
accusative | nom. | ||
gen. | estri | ||
genitive | estrite | ||
partitive | estrit | estreid | |
illative | estrisse | estritesse estreisse | |
inessive | estris | estrites estreis | |
elative | estrist | estritest estreist | |
allative | estrile | estritele estreile | |
adessive | estril | estritel estreil | |
ablative | estrilt | estritelt estreilt | |
translative | estriks | estriteks estreiks | |
terminative | estrini | estriteni | |
essive | estrina | estritena | |
abessive | estrita | estriteta | |
comitative | estriga | estritega |
Further reading edit
French edit
Etymology 1 edit
Inherited from Old French ester (given a spelling-pronunciation), from Classical Latin stāre (cf. the juridical Medieval Latin senses).
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
ester
Conjugation edit
Only used in the infinitive, present participle estant and past participle esté.
Related terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
From German Essig-Äther (“acetic acid ethyl ester”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
ester m (plural esters)
Further reading edit
- “ester”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams edit
Indonesian edit
Etymology edit
Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch ester, from German Ester.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
estêr (plural ester-ester, first-person possessive esterku, second-person possessive estermu, third-person possessive esternya)
Further reading edit
- “ester” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
Ladin edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Latin exterus, from exter.
Adjective edit
ester m (feminine singular estera, masculine plural esters, feminine plural esteres)
Etymology 2 edit
Inherited from Early Medieval Latin essere, from Latin esse.
Alternative forms edit
Verb edit
ester
- to be
Conjugation edit
- Ladin conjugation varies from one region to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
infinitive | ester | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
auxiliary verb | — | gerund | sian | |||
past participle | sté | |||||
person | singular | plural | ||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | |
indicative | ie | tu | el / ela | nos | vos | ei / eles |
present | son | ies | é | son | seis | é |
imperfect | fove | foves | fova | fovan | fovais | fova |
future | saré | saras | sarà | saron | sareis | sarà |
subjunctive | che ie | che tu | che el / ela | che nos | che vos | che ei / eles |
present | sie | sies | sie | son | seis | sie |
imperfect | fosse | fosses | fossa | fossan | fossais | fossa |
imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – |
— | sies | — | — | sede | — |
Middle English edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Old English ēaster.
Noun edit
ester (plural esters)
- Easter (Christian holiday)
- c. 1280, “Vita sancti Brendani, Abbatis de Hybernia”, in Carl Horstmann, editor, The Early South English Legendary or Lives of Saints[2], London: N. Trübner & Co., published 1887, page 224:
- To a stede ȝe schulle hunne wende : þurf oure louerdes grace, / Þat is foweles parays : a wel ioyful place : / Þer ȝe schulle þis ester beo : & þis wit-sonedai also.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- c. 1300, Robert of Gloucester, edited by William Aldis Wright, The Metrical Chronicle of Robert of Gloucester, London: Eyre and Spottiswoode, published 1887, page 556:
- Þre siþe he ber croune aȝer · to midewinter at gloucestre · / To witesonetid at westmunstre · to ester at wincestre ·
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- a. 1402, “De regione lodœœ”, in John Trevisa, transl., edited by Joseph Rawson Lumby, Polychronicon, page 111:
- Mysbyleued men mysdede neuere þat chirche ; and þat is, as me troweþ, for euery ȝere an Ester eue comeþ fire from heuene, and tendeþ and liȝteþ þe lamps þerynne ; but whan þat miracle bygan first, hit is vncertayne and vnknowe.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
References edit
“ēster(n, n., MED14534.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
Norwegian Bokmål edit
Noun edit
ester m (definite singular esteren, indefinite plural estere, definite plural esterne)
Synonyms edit
Related terms edit
Old French edit
Etymology edit
From Late Latin or Vulgar Latin estō, from Latin stō. Forms in -ac- and -ui/-eü-/-i- originates from Vulgar Latin *statiō, *stūtum (perfect *stuī), all are from statum. The indicative present forms bear similarities with endings of the suppletive verb aler and must have contained from vois, the origin of -ois in estois and other forms, however, are unclear (see also Modern French vais).
Compare with estre, whose later merged and resulting some forms reflecting the forms of ester.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
ester
Usage notes edit
According to the Anglo-Norman On-Line Hub, "[i]t is not always possible to make a valid distinction between and ester and estre".[1]
Conjugation edit
This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. This verb is highly irregular. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | ester | avoir esté, esteü | |||||
gerund | en estant | gerund of avoir + past participle | |||||
present participle | estant | ||||||
past participle | esté, esteü | ||||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
simple tenses |
present | estois | estas, estais | esta, estait | estons | estez | estont |
imperfect | estoie, esteie, estoe, esteve | estoies, esteies, estoes, esteves | estoit, esteit, estot, esteve | estiiens, estiens | estiiez, estiez | estoient, esteient, estoent, estevent | |
preterite | estui, estai | esteüs, estas | estut, esta | esteümes, estames | esteüstes, estastes | esturent, esterent | |
future | esterai | esteras | estera | esterons | esteroiz, estereiz, esterez | esteront | |
conditional | esteroie, estereie | esteroies, estereies | esteroit, estereit | esteriiens, esteriens | esteriiez, esteriez | esteroient, estereient | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | present tense of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | preterite tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
simple tenses |
present | estoise, estace | estoises, estaces | estoise, estoist, estace | estons | estez | estoisent, estacent |
imperfect | esteüsse, estasse | esteüsses, estasses | esteüst, estast | esteüssons, esteüssiens, estissons, estissiens | esteüssoiz, esteüssez, esteüssiez, estissoiz, estissez, estissiez | esteüssent, estassent | |
compound tenses |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
— | esta | — | estons | estez | — |
Descendants edit
(mainly blended into descendants of estre)
- Middle French: ester
References edit
Polish edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
ester m inan
Declension edit
Usually in the plural.
Related terms edit
Further reading edit
Romanian edit
Etymology edit
Noun edit
ester m (plural esteri)
Declension edit
Swedish edit
Etymology 1 edit
Noun edit
ester c
- (organic chemistry) an ester
Declension edit
Declension of ester | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | ester | estern | estrar | estrarna |
Genitive | esters | esterns | estrars | estrarnas |
Etymology 2 edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Noun edit
ester
- indefinite plural of est
Anagrams edit
Welsh edit
Etymology edit
Internationalism borrowed from English ester.
Pronunciation edit
- (North Wales) IPA(key): /ˈɛsdɛr/, [ˈɛstɛr]
Noun edit
ester m (plural esterau)