ester
EnglishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From German Ester, perhaps a contraction or abstraction of Essigäther (“ethyl acetate”), from Essig (“vinegar”) (from Latin acetum) and Äther (“ether”). See ether for more.
PronunciationEdit
- (General American) IPA(key): /ˈɛstɚ/
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈɛstə/
- Rhymes: -ɛstə(ɹ)
- Homophone: Esther
NounEdit
ester (plural esters)
- (organic chemistry) A compound most often formed by the condensation of an alcohol and an acid, with elimination of water, which contains the functional group carbon-oxygen double bond (i.e., carbonyl) joined via carbon to another oxygen atom.
- 1991, Malcolm B. Hale et al., “New Products and Markets for Menhaden, Brevoortia spp.”, in Marine Fisheries Review, volume 53, number 4, page 47:
- To produce a test material containing at least 75 percent omega-3 polyunsaturates, the menhaden triglycerides are transesterified to produce fatty acid ethyl esters. The esters are reacted with urea dissolved in hot ethanol and the solution is cooled overnight.
- 1991, W. F. Kean, C. J. L. Lock, and H. E. Howard-Lock, “Chirality in antirheumatic drugs”, in The Lancet, volume 338, , page 1567:
- The thiol-coenzyme-A ester formed by R-arylpropionic acid can bind to triglyceride to form a “hybrid” triglyceride: such hybrid triglycerides can cause alteration of fatty-acid metabolism and membrane function, and a lipophilic triglyceride–propionic-acid hybrid would be able to cross lipid membranes such as the blood–brain barrier.
- 1996, Steven Ashley, “Composite car structures pass the crash test”, in Mechanical Engineering[1], volume 118, number 12, page 60:
- The effort’s primary material systems are vinyl esters and polyurethanes, reinforced with inexpensive chopped-glass rovings. Automated glass-fiber preforming processes and high-rate molding procedures are being studied in an effort to reduce cycle times and production costs substantially.
Derived termsEdit
TranslationsEdit
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AnagramsEdit
CornishEdit
NounEdit
ester f (singulative estren)
CzechEdit
NounEdit
ester m
Further readingEdit
DanishEdit
Etymology 1Edit
NounEdit
ester c (singular definite esteren, plural indefinite estere)
DeclensionEdit
SynonymsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
NounEdit
ester c (singular definite esteren, plural indefinite estere)
DeclensionEdit
Derived termsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- “ester” in Den Danske Ordbog
DutchEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
ester m (plural esters, diminutive estertje n)
EstonianEdit
EtymologyEdit
NounEdit
ester (genitive estri, partitive estrit)
DeclensionEdit
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | ester | estrid |
accusative | estri | estrid |
genitive | estri | estrite |
partitive | estrit | estreid |
illative | estrisse | estritesse estreisse |
inessive | estris | estrites estreis |
elative | estrist | estritest estreist |
allative | estrile | estritele estreile |
adessive | estril | estritel estreil |
ablative | estrilt | estritelt estreilt |
translative | estriks | estriteks estreiks |
terminative | estrini | estriteni |
essive | estrina | estritena |
abessive | estrita | estriteta |
comitative | estriga | estritega |
Further readingEdit
FrenchEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Old French ester (given a spelling-pronunciation), from Classical Latin stō (cf. the juridical Medieval Latin senses).
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
ester
ConjugationEdit
Only used in the infinitive, present participle estant and past participle esté.
Related termsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
From German Essig-Äther (“acetic acid ethyl ester”).
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
ester m (plural esters)
Further readingEdit
- “ester”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
AnagramsEdit
LadinEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Latin exterus, from exter.
AdjectiveEdit
ester m (feminine singular estera, masculine plural esters, feminine plural esteres)
Etymology 2Edit
Alternative formsEdit
VerbEdit
ester
- to be
ConjugationEdit
- Ladin conjugation varies from one region to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
infinitive | ester | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
auxiliary verb | — | gerund | sian | |||
past participle | sté | |||||
person | singular | plural | ||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | |
indicative | ie | tu | el / ela | nos | vos | ei / eles |
present | son | ies | é | son | seis | é |
imperfect | fove | foves | fova | fovan | fovais | fova |
future | saré | saras | sarà | saron | sareis | sarà |
subjunctive | che ie | che tu | che el / ela | che nos | che vos | che ei / eles |
present | sie | sies | sie | son | seis | sie |
imperfect | fosse | fosses | fossa | fossan | fossais | fossa |
imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – |
— | sies | — | — | sede | — |
Middle EnglishEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old English ēaster.
NounEdit
ester (plural esters)
- Easter (Christian holiday)
- c. 1280, “Vita sancti Brendani, Abbatis de Hybernia”, in Carl Horstmann, editor, The Early South English Legendary or Lives of Saints[2], London: N. Trübner & Co., published 1887, page 224:
- To a stede ȝe schulle hunne wende : þurf oure louerdes grace, / Þat is foweles parays : a wel ioyful place : / Þer ȝe schulle þis ester beo : & þis wit-sonedai also.
- (please add an English translation of this quote)
- c. 1300, Robert of Gloucester, William Aldis Wright, editor, The Metrical Chronicle of Robert of Gloucester, London: Eyre and Spottiswoode, published 1887, page 556:
- Þre siþe he ber croune aȝer · to midewinter at gloucestre · / To witesonetid at westmunstre · to ester at wincestre ·
- (please add an English translation of this quote)
- a. 1402, John Trevisa, transl., “De regione lodœœ”, in Joseph Rawson Lumby, editor, Polychronicon, page 111:
- Mysbyleued men mysdede neuere þat chirche ; and þat is, as me troweþ, for euery ȝere an Ester eue comeþ fire from heuene, and tendeþ and liȝteþ þe lamps þerynne ; but whan þat miracle bygan first, hit is vncertayne and vnknowe.
- (please add an English translation of this quote)
ReferencesEdit
“ēster(n, n., MED14534.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
Norwegian BokmålEdit
NounEdit
ester m (definite singular esteren, indefinite plural estere, definite plural esterne)
SynonymsEdit
Related termsEdit
Old FrenchEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Late Latin or Vulgar Latin estō, from Latin stō. Forms in -ac- and -ui/-eü-/-i- originates from Vulgar Latin *statiō, *stūtum (perfect *stuī), all are from statum. The indicative present forms bear similarities with endings of the suppletive verb aler and must have contained from vois, the origin of -ois in estois and other forms, however, are unclear (see also Modern French vais).
Compare with estre, whose later merged and resulting some forms reflecting the forms of ester.
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
ester
Usage notesEdit
According to the Anglo-Norman On-Line Hub, "[i]t is not always possible to make a valid distinction between and ester and estre"[1].
ConjugationEdit
This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. This verb is highly irregular. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | ester | avoir esté, esteü | |||||
gerund | en estant | Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
present participle | estant | ||||||
past participle | esté, esteü | ||||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
simple tenses |
present | estois | estas, estais | esta, estait | estons | estez | estont |
imperfect | estoie, esteie, estoe, esteve | estoies, esteies, estoes, esteves | estoit, esteit, estot, esteve | estiiens, estiens | estiiez, estiez | estoient, esteient, estoent, estevent | |
preterite | estui, estai | esteüs, estas | estut, esta | esteümes, estames | esteüstes, estastes | esturent, esterent | |
future | esterai | esteras | estera | esterons | esteroiz, estereiz, esterez | esteront | |
conditional | esteroie, estereie | esteroies, estereies | esteroit, estereit | esteriiens, esteriens | esteriiez, esteriez | esteroient, estereient | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
pluperfect | Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
past anterior | Use the preterite tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
future perfect | Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
simple tenses |
present | estoise, estace | estoises, estaces | estoise, estoist, estace | estons | estez | estoisent, estacent |
imperfect | esteüsse, estasse | esteüsses, estasses | esteüst, estast | esteüssons, esteüssiens, estissons, estissiens | esteüssoiz, esteüssez, esteüssiez, estissoiz, estissez, estissiez | esteüssent, estassent | |
compound tenses |
past | Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
pluperfect | Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
— | esta | — | estons | estez | — |
DescendantsEdit
ReferencesEdit
PolishEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
ester m inan
DeclensionEdit
Usually in the plural.
Related termsEdit
Further readingEdit
RomanianEdit
EtymologyEdit
NounEdit
ester m (plural esteri)
DeclensionEdit
SwedishEdit
Etymology 1Edit
NounEdit
ester c
- an ester
DeclensionEdit
Declension of ester | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | ester | estern | estrar | estrarna |
Genitive | esters | esterns | estrars | estrarnas |
Etymology 2Edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
NounEdit
ester
- indefinite plural of est.