extirper
English edit
Etymology edit
Noun edit
extirper (plural extirpers)
- (obsolete) An extirpator.
- 1605, Francis Bacon, “(please specify |book=1 or 2)”, in The Twoo Bookes of Francis Bacon. Of the Proficience and Aduancement of Learning, Diuine and Humane, London: […] [Thomas Purfoot and Thomas Creede] for Henrie Tomes, […], →OCLC:
- extirpers of tyrants
References edit
- “extirper”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
French edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Latin exstirpāre.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
extirper
- to uproot, extirpate (pull [a plant and its roots] out of the ground)
- (medicine) to remove, take out (e.g. an organ)
- (figuratively) to weed out, get rid of, eradicate (e.g. a problem or characteristic)
- to pull out, take out, whip out (remove something from e.g. a holder, pocket, holster etc.)
- to drag out, hoist out, lug out (remove someone, with difficulty, from a place)
- (reflexive) to pull oneself out (of somewhere)
- Il s’extirpe du bar pour fumer une clope.
- He drags himself out of the bar to smoke a ciggy.
- (colloquial) to fish out, make someone cough up (obtain e.g. information from someone)
Conjugation edit
Conjugation of extirper (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | extirper | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | extirpant /ɛk.stiʁ.pɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | extirpé /ɛk.stiʁ.pe/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | extirpe /ɛk.stiʁp/ |
extirpes /ɛk.stiʁp/ |
extirpe /ɛk.stiʁp/ |
extirpons /ɛk.stiʁ.pɔ̃/ |
extirpez /ɛk.stiʁ.pe/ |
extirpent /ɛk.stiʁp/ |
| imperfect | extirpais /ɛk.stiʁ.pɛ/ |
extirpais /ɛk.stiʁ.pɛ/ |
extirpait /ɛk.stiʁ.pɛ/ |
extirpions /ɛk.stiʁ.pjɔ̃/ |
extirpiez /ɛk.stiʁ.pje/ |
extirpaient /ɛk.stiʁ.pɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | extirpai /ɛk.stiʁ.pe/ |
extirpas /ɛk.stiʁ.pa/ |
extirpa /ɛk.stiʁ.pa/ |
extirpâmes /ɛk.stiʁ.pam/ |
extirpâtes /ɛk.stiʁ.pat/ |
extirpèrent /ɛk.stiʁ.pɛʁ/ | |
| future | extirperai /ɛk.stiʁ.pə.ʁe/ |
extirperas /ɛk.stiʁ.pə.ʁa/ |
extirpera /ɛk.stiʁ.pə.ʁa/ |
extirperons /ɛk.stiʁ.pə.ʁɔ̃/ |
extirperez /ɛk.stiʁ.pə.ʁe/ |
extirperont /ɛk.stiʁ.pə.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | extirperais /ɛk.stiʁ.pə.ʁɛ/ |
extirperais /ɛk.stiʁ.pə.ʁɛ/ |
extirperait /ɛk.stiʁ.pə.ʁɛ/ |
extirperions /ɛk.stiʁ.pə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
extirperiez /ɛk.stiʁ.pə.ʁje/ |
extirperaient /ɛk.stiʁ.pə.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | extirpe /ɛk.stiʁp/ |
extirpes /ɛk.stiʁp/ |
extirpe /ɛk.stiʁp/ |
extirpions /ɛk.stiʁ.pjɔ̃/ |
extirpiez /ɛk.stiʁ.pje/ |
extirpent /ɛk.stiʁp/ |
| imperfect2 | extirpasse /ɛk.stiʁ.pas/ |
extirpasses /ɛk.stiʁ.pas/ |
extirpât /ɛk.stiʁ.pa/ |
extirpassions /ɛk.stiʁ.pa.sjɔ̃/ |
extirpassiez /ɛk.stiʁ.pa.sje/ |
extirpassent /ɛk.stiʁ.pas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | extirpe /ɛk.stiʁp/ |
— | extirpons /ɛk.stiʁ.pɔ̃/ |
extirpez /ɛk.stiʁ.pe/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Further reading edit
- “extirper”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Latin edit
Verb edit
extirper