gaeafgysgu
Welsh
editEtymology
editgaeaf (“winter”) + cysgu (“to sleep”)
Pronunciation
edit- (North Wales) IPA(key): /ˌɡeɨ̯avˈɡəsɡɨ/, [ˌɡeɨ̯avˈɡəskɨ]
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /ˌɡei̯avˈɡəsɡi/, [ˌɡei̯avˈɡəski]
Verb
editgaeafgysgu (first-person singular present gaeafgysgaf)
- (biology) hibernate
- Mae'r draenog yn paratoi ei nyth cyn iddo aeafgysgu am sawl mis.
- The hedgehog prepares its next before it hibernating for several months.
Conjugation
editConjugation (literary)
singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
present indicative/future | gaeafgysgaf | gaeafgysgi | gaeafgwsg, gaeafgysga | gaeafgysgwn | gaeafgysgwch | gaeafgysgant | gaeafgysgir | |
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional |
gaeafgysgwn | gaeafgysgit | gaeafgysgai | gaeafgysgem | gaeafgysgech | gaeafgysgent | gaeafgysgid | |
preterite | gaeafgysgais | gaeafgysgaist | gaeafgysgodd | gaeafgysgasom | gaeafgysgasoch | gaeafgysgasant | gaeafgysgwyd | |
pluperfect | gaeafgysgaswn | gaeafgysgasit | gaeafgysgasai | gaeafgysgasem | gaeafgysgasech | gaeafgysgasent | gaeafgysgasid, gaeafgysgesid | |
present subjunctive | gaeafgysgwyf | gaeafgysgych | gaeafgysgo | gaeafgysgom | gaeafgysgoch | gaeafgysgont | gaeafgysger | |
imperative | — | gaeafgwsg, gaeafgysga | gaeafgysged | gaeafgysgwn | gaeafgysgwch | gaeafgysgent | gaeafgysger | |
verbal noun | gaeafgysgu | |||||||
verbal adjectives | gaeafgysgedig gaeafgysgadwy |
Conjugation (colloquial)
Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | |
future | gaeafgysga i, gaeafgysgaf i | gaeafgysgi di | gaeafgysgith o/e/hi, gaeafgysgiff e/hi | gaeafgysgwn ni | gaeafgysgwch chi | gaeafgysgan nhw |
conditional | gaeafgysgwn i, gaeafgysgswn i | gaeafgysget ti, gaeafgysgset ti | gaeafgysgai fo/fe/hi, gaeafgysgsai fo/fe/hi | gaeafgysgen ni, gaeafgysgsen ni | gaeafgysgech chi, gaeafgysgsech chi | gaeafgysgen nhw, gaeafgysgsen nhw |
preterite | gaeafgysgais i, gaeafgysges i | gaeafgysgaist ti, gaeafgysgest ti | gaeafgysgodd o/e/hi | gaeafgysgon ni | gaeafgysgoch chi | gaeafgysgon nhw |
imperative | — | gaeafgysga | — | — | gaeafgysgwch | — |
Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. |
Coordinate terms
edit- hafgysgu (“to aestivate”)
Related terms
editMutation
editradical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
---|---|---|---|
gaeafgysgu | aeafgysgu | ngaeafgysgu | unchanged |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
References
edit- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “gaeafgysgu”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies