Welsh

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Cysgu

Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Middle Welsh kyscu, from Proto-Brythonic *kuskɨd, from Proto-Celtic *kuxsketi (compare Cornish koska, Breton kousket), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱewb- (compare Latin cubō (I recline)).

Pronunciation

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Verb

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cysgu (first-person singular present cysgaf)

  1. (intransitive) sleep (rest in state of reduced consciousness)

Conjugation

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Conjugation (literary)
singular plural impersonal
first second third first second third
present indicative/future cysgaf cysgi cwsg, cysga cysgwn cysgwch cysgant cysgir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/
conditional
cysgwn cysgit cysgai cysgem cysgech cysgent cysgid
preterite cysgais cysgaist cysgodd cysgasom cysgasoch cysgasant cysgwyd
pluperfect cysgaswn cysgasit cysgasai cysgasem cysgasech cysgasent cysgasid, cysgesid
present subjunctive cysgwyf cysgych cysgo cysgom cysgoch cysgont cysger
imperative cwsg, cysga cysged cysgwn cysgwch cysgent cysger
verbal noun cysgu
verbal adjectives cysgedig
Conjugation (colloquial)
inflected
colloquial forms
singular plural
first second third first second third
future cysga i,
cysgaf i
cysgi di cysgith o/e/hi,
cysgiff e/hi
cysgwn ni cysgwch chi cysgan nhw
conditional cysgwn i,
cysgswn i
cysget ti,
cysgset ti
cysgai fo/fe/hi,
cysgsai fo/fe/hi
cysgen ni,
cysgsen ni
cysgech chi,
cysgsech chi
cysgen nhw,
cysgsen nhw
preterite cysgais i,
cysges i
cysgaist ti,
cysgest ti
cysgodd o/e/hi cysgon ni cysgoch chi cysgon nhw
imperative cysga cysgwch

Derived terms

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Mutation

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Mutated forms of cysgu
radical soft nasal aspirate
cysgu gysgu nghysgu chysgu

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

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  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “cysgaf”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies