gesceaft

Old English

Alternative forms

• ġesċæft, ġesċeft

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *gaskaftiz. Equivalent to ġe- +‎ sċeaft. Cognate with Old High German giscaft (German Geschäft), Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌺𐌰𐍆𐍄𐍃 (gaskafts).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /jeˈʃæ͜ɑft/

Noun

ġesċeaft f or n

1. creation
   • late 10th century, Ælfric, "On Auguries"

     Þas twa gesceafta habbað gesceadwisnysse and ælc man hæfð agenne freodom...

     These two creations possess reason, and every man hath his own freedom...

2. creature
   • c. 992, Ælfric, "The Octaves and Circumcision of our Lord"

     Þa gesceafta ðe sind þwyrlice geðuhte, hí sind to wrace gesceapene yfel-dædum.

     The creatures that are thought monstrous have been created for punishment of evil deeds.

3. institution, destiny

Declension

ġesċeaft (strong i-stem)

Case	Singular	Plural
nominative	ġesċeaft	ġesċeafte, ġesċeafta
accusative	ġesċeaft, ġesċeafte	ġesċeafte, ġesċeafta
genitive	ġesċeafte	ġesċeafta
dative	ġesċeafte	ġesċeaftum

Sometimes occurs as neuter:

ġesċeaft (strong a-stem)

Case	Singular	Plural
nominative	ġesċeaft	ġesċeaft
accusative	ġesċeaft	ġesċeaft
genitive	ġesċeaftes	ġesċeafta
dative	ġesċeafte	ġesċeaftum

Derived terms

• forþġesċeaft (“the world, creation”)
• eall gesceaft (“the universe, all creation”)

Descendants

• Middle English: ȝescafte, iscefte, ishafte, ishaft