case
EnglishEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
Middle English cas, from Old French cas (“an event”), from Latin casus (“a falling, a fall; accident, event, occurrence; occasion, opportunity; noun case”), perfect passive participle of cado (“to fall, to drop”).
NounEdit
case (plural cases)
- An actual event, situation, or fact.
- For a change, in this case, he was telling the truth.
- It is not the case that every unfamiliar phrase is an idiom.
- In case of fire, break glass. [sign on fire extinguisher holder in public space]
- 2013 July 20, “The attack of the MOOCs”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8845:
- Since the launch early last year of […] two Silicon Valley start-ups offering free education through MOOCs, massive open online courses, the ivory towers of academia have been shaken to their foundations. University brands built in some cases over centuries have been forced to contemplate the possibility that information technology will rapidly make their existing business model obsolete.
- (now rare) A given condition or state.
- 1590, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queene, III.10:
- Ne wist he how to turne, nor to what place: / Was never wretched man in such a wofull cace.
- 1726, Nathan Bailey, John Worlidge, Dictionarium Rusticum, Urbanicum & Botanicum
- Mares which are over-fat, hold with much difficulty; whereas those that are but in good case and plump, conceive with the greatest readiness and ease.
- 1590, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queene, III.10:
- A piece of work, specifically defined within a profession.
- It was one of the detective's easiest cases. Social workers should work on a maximum of forty active cases. The doctor told us of an interesting case he had treated that morning.
- 1898, Winston Churchill, chapter 2, in The Celebrity:
- We drove back to the office with some concern on my part at the prospect of so large a case. Sunning himself on the board steps, I saw for the first time Mr. Farquhar Fenelon Cooke.
- 1927, F. E. Penny, chapter 4, in Pulling the Strings:
- The case was that of a murder. It had an element of mystery about it, however, which was puzzling the authorities. A turban and loincloth soaked in blood had been found; also a staff. These properties were known to have belonged to a toddy drawer. He had disappeared.
- (academia) An instance or event as a topic of study.
- The teaching consists of theory lessons and case studies.
- 2012 March-April, John T. Jost, “Social Justice: Is It in Our Nature (and Our Future)?”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 2, page 162:
- He draws eclectically on studies of baboons, descriptive anthropological accounts of hunter-gatherer societies and, in a few cases, the fossil record.
- (law) A legal proceeding, lawsuit.
- 1905, Baroness Emmuska Orczy, chapter 2, in The Tremarn Case[1]:
- “Two or three months more went by ; the public were eagerly awaiting the arrival of this semi-exotic claimant to an English peerage, and sensations, surpassing those of the Tichbourne case, were looked forward to with palpitating interest. […]”
- (grammar) A specific inflection of a word depending on its function in the sentence.
- The accusative case canonically indicates a direct object. Latin has six cases, and remnants of a seventh.
- 1988, Andrew Radford, chapter 6, in Transformational grammar: a first course, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, page 292:
- Now, the Subject of either an indicative or a subjunctive Clause is always assigned Nominative case, as we see from:
(16) (a) I know [that they/*them/*their leave for Hawaii tomorrow]
(16) (b) I demand [that they/*them/*their leave for Hawaii tomorrow]
By contrast, the Subject of an infinitive Clause is assigned Objective case, as we see from:
(17) I want [them/*they/*their to leave for Hawaii tomorrow]
And the Subject of a gerund Clause is assigned either Objective or Genitive case: cf.
(18) I don't like the idea of [them/their/*they leaving for Hawaii tomorrow]
- Now, the Subject of either an indicative or a subjunctive Clause is always assigned Nominative case, as we see from:
- (grammar, uncountable) Grammatical cases and their meanings taken either as a topic in general or within a specific language.
- Jane has been studying case in Caucasian languages. Latin is a language that employs case.
- (medicine) An instance of a specific condition or set of symptoms.
- There were another five cases reported overnight.
- (programming) A section of code representing one of the actions of a conditional switch.
- 2004, Rick Miller, C++ for Artists:
- Place a break statement at the end of every case to prevent case fall-through.
- 2011, Stephen Prata, C++ Primer Plus, page 275:
- Execution does not automatically stop at the next case.
SynonymsEdit
HyponymsEdit
- court case
- See also Thesaurus:grammatical case
Derived termsEdit
TranslationsEdit
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
VerbEdit
case (third-person singular simple present cases, present participle casing, simple past and past participle cased)
- (obsolete) To propose hypothetical cases.
- 1692, Roger L’Estrange, “ (please specify the fable number.) (please specify the name of the fable.)”, in Fables, of Æsop and Other Eminent Mythologists: […], London: […] R[ichard] Sare, […], OCLC 228727523:
- Casing upon the Matter.
See alsoEdit
ReferencesEdit
Etymology 2Edit
From Middle English cas, from Old Northern French casse, (compare Old French chasse (“box, chest, case”)), from Latin capsa (“box, bookcase”), from capiō (“to take, seize, hold”). Doublet of cash.
NounEdit
case (plural cases)
- A box that contains or can contain a number of identical items of manufacture.
- A box, sheath, or covering generally.
- a case for spectacles; the case of a watch
- A piece of luggage that can be used to transport an apparatus such as a sewing machine.
- An enclosing frame or casing.
- a door case; a window case
- A suitcase.
- A piece of furniture, constructed partially of transparent glass or plastic, within which items can be displayed.
- The outer covering or framework of a piece of apparatus such as a computer.
- (printing, historical) A shallow tray divided into compartments or "boxes" for holding type, traditionally arranged in sets of two, the "upper case" (containing capitals, small capitals, accented) and "lower case" (small letters, figures, punctuation marks, quadrats, and spaces).
- (typography, by extension) The nature of a piece of alphabetic type, whether a “capital” (upper case) or “small” (lower case) letter.
- (poker slang) Four of a kind.
- (US) A unit of liquid measure used to measure sales in the beverage industry, equivalent to 192 fluid ounces.
- (mining) A small fissure which admits water into the workings.
- (Can we find and add a quotation of Knight to this entry?)
- A thin layer of harder metal on the surface of an object whose deeper metal is allowed to remain soft.
- A cardboard box that holds (usually 24) beer bottles or cans.
HyponymsEdit
TranslationsEdit
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
ReferencesEdit
- Weisenberg, Michael (2000) The Official Dictionary of Poker. MGI/Mike Caro University. →ISBN
AdjectiveEdit
case (not comparable)
- (poker slang) The last remaining card of a particular rank.
- He drew the case eight!
- 2006, David Apostolico, Lessons from the Professional Poker Tour (page 21)
- If he did have a bigger ace, I still had at least six outs — the case ace, two nines, and three tens. I could also have more outs if he held anything less than A-K.
ReferencesEdit
- Weisenberg, Michael (2000) The Official Dictionary of Poker. MGI/Mike Caro University. →ISBN
VerbEdit
case (third-person singular simple present cases, present participle casing, simple past and past participle cased)
- (transitive) To place (an item or items of manufacture) into a box, as in preparation for shipment.
- (transitive) To cover or protect with, or as if with, a case; to enclose.
- 1856-1858, William H. Prescott, History of the Reign of Philip II
- The man who, cased in steel, had passed whole days and nights in the saddle.
- 1856-1858, William H. Prescott, History of the Reign of Philip II
- (transitive, informal) To survey (a building or other location) surreptitiously, as in preparation for a robbery.
- 1977, Michael Innes, The Gay Phoenix, →ISBN, page 116:
- You are in the grounds of Brockholes Abbey, a house into which a great deal of valuable property has just been moved. And your job is to case the joint for a break in.
- 2014, Amy Goodman, From COINTELPRO to Snowden, the FBI Burglars Speak Out After 43 Years of Silence (Part 2), Democracy Now!, January 8, 2014, 0:49 to 0:57:
- Bonnie worked as a daycare director. She helped case the FBI office by posing as a college student interested in becoming an FBI agent.
- 1977, Michael Innes, The Gay Phoenix, →ISBN, page 116:
TranslationsEdit
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AnagramsEdit
AfarEdit
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
casé
ConjugationEdit
Conjugation of case (type II verb) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Indicative | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Perfective | Imperfective | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Positive | Negative | Positive | Negative | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1st singular | casé | macasinná | casá | macasá | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2nd singular | casté | macasinnitó | castá | macastá | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
3rd singular m | casé | macasinná | casá | macasá | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
3rd singular f | casté | macasinná | castá | macastá | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1st plural | casné | macasinninó | casná | macasná | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2nd plural | casteení | macasinnitonú | castaaná | macastaaná | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
3rd plural | caseení | macasinnonú | casaaná | macasaaná | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Imperative | Optative | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Positive | Negative | Positive | Negative | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
singular | cás | macasín | casáy | casé way | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
plural | casá | macasiná | casóonay | casé wóonay | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Obligative | Conjunctive | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Positive | Negative | Positive | Negative | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1st singular | casaamá | casé waamá | cásu | casé wáyu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2nd singular | castaamá | casé waytaamá | cástu | casé wáytu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
3rd singular m | casaamá | casé waamá | cásu | casé wáyu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
3rd singular f | castaamá | casé waytaamá | cástu | casé wáytu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1st plural | casnaamá | casé waynaamá | cásnu | casé wáynu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2nd plural | castaanamá | casé waytaanamá | castánu | casé waytóonu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
3rd plural | casaanamá | casé waanaamá | casánu | casé wóonu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Consultative | Positive converb | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Positive | Negative | -h | cásah | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
singular | casóo | macasóo | -k | cásak | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
plural | casnóo | macasnóo | -ín(n)uh | casínnuh | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Future prospective | -ínnuk | casínnuk | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Positive | Negative | Negative converb | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1st singular | caseliyó | casé waamá | -h | casé waah | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2nd singular | caselitó | casé waytaamá | -k | casé waak | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
3rd singular m | caselé | casé waamá | -ín(n)uh | casé wánnuh | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
3rd singular f | caselé | casé waytaamá | -ínnuk | casé wánnuk | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1st plural | caselinó | casé waynaamá | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2nd plural | caselitónu | casé waytaanamá | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
3rd plural | caselónu | casé waanaamá | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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ReferencesEdit
- Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)[2], Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis), page 263
AsturianEdit
VerbEdit
case
- first-person singular present subjunctive of casar
- third-person singular present subjunctive of casar
ChineseEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
case
- (Hong Kong Cantonese) case (clarification of this definition is needed)
- 2015, 區瑞強, 我們都是這樣唱大的 II:《承先啟後》李克勤
FrenchEdit
EtymologyEdit
Borrowed from Latin casa, in the sense of "hut, cabin". The other senses are a semantic loan from Spanish casa. Doublet of chez, which was inherited.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
case f (plural cases)
Derived termsEdit
Further readingEdit
- “case” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
AnagramsEdit
GalicianEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
Attested since the 15th century (quasy), from Latin quasi (“as if”).
PronunciationEdit
AdverbEdit
case
ReferencesEdit
- “quasy” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006-2016.
- “case” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006-2013.
- “case” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
- “case” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.
ItalianEdit
NounEdit
case f
AnagramsEdit
Lower SorbianEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
case
Middle DutchEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old Dutch *kāsi, from late Proto-West Germanic *kāsī, borrowed from Latin cāseus.
NounEdit
câse m or n
InflectionEdit
This noun needs an inflection-table template.
Alternative formsEdit
- kese (eastern)
DescendantsEdit
Further readingEdit
- “case”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929) , “case (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page I
Old FrenchEdit
NounEdit
case m (oblique plural cases, nominative singular cases, nominative plural case)
PortugueseEdit
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
case
- first-person singular (eu) present subjunctive of casar
- third-person singular (ele and ela, also used with você and others) present subjunctive of casar
- third-person singular (você) affirmative imperative of casar
- third-person singular (você) negative imperative of casar
RomanianEdit
NounEdit
case
SpanishEdit
VerbEdit
case
- Formal second-person singular (usted) imperative form of casar.
- First-person singular (yo) present subjunctive form of casar.
- Formal second-person singular (usted) present subjunctive form of casar.
- Third-person singular (él, ella, also used with usted?) present subjunctive form of casar.
VenetianEdit
NounEdit
case