Wiktionary

case

See also: CASE, Case, casé, cáse, cåse, cåsĕ, čase, and čaše

EnglishEdit

PronunciationEdit

  • IPA(key): /keɪs/
  • Audio (US)
    		(file)
  • Rhymes: -eɪs
  • Hyphenation: case

Etymology 1Edit

Middle English cas, from Old French cas (“an event”), from Latin cāsus (“a falling, a fall; accident, event, occurrence; occasion, opportunity; noun case”), perfect passive participle of cadō (“to fall, to drop”).

NounEdit

case (plural cases)

  1. An actual event, situation, or fact.
    For a change, in this case, he was telling the truth.
    It is not the case that every unfamiliar phrase is an idiom.
    In case of fire, break glass. [sign on fire extinguisher holder in public space]
    • 2013 July 20, “The attack of the MOOCs”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8845:
      Since the launch early last year of […] two Silicon Valley start-ups offering free education through MOOCs, massive open online courses, the ivory towers of academia have been shaken to their foundations. University brands built in some cases over centuries have been forced to contemplate the possibility that information technology will rapidly make their existing business model obsolete.
  2. (now rare) A given condition or state.
    • 1590, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queene, III.10:
      Ne wist he how to turne, nor to what place: / Was never wretched man in such a wofull cace.
    • 1726, Nathan Bailey, John Worlidge, Dictionarium Rusticum, Urbanicum & Botanicum
      Mares which are over-fat, hold with much difficulty; whereas those that are but in good case and plump, conceive with the greatest readiness and ease.
  3. A piece of work, specifically defined within a profession.
    It was one of the detective's easiest cases.  Social workers should work on a maximum of forty active cases.  The doctor told us of an interesting case he had treated that morning.
    • 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter 2, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., OCLC 222716698:
      We drove back to the office with some concern on my part at the prospect of so large a case. Sunning himself on the board steps, I saw for the first time Mr. Farquhar Fenelon Cooke.
    • 1927, F. E. Penny, chapter 4, in Pulling the Strings:
      The case was that of a murder. It had an element of mystery about it, however, which was puzzling the authorities. A turban and loincloth soaked in blood had been found; also a staff. These properties were known to have belonged to a toddy drawer. He had disappeared.
  4. (academia) An instance or event as a topic of study.
    The teaching consists of theory lessons and case studies.
  6. (law) A legal proceeding, lawsuit.
    • 1905, Baroness Emmuska Orczy, chapter 2, in The Tremarn Case‎[1]:
      “Two or three months more went by ; the public were eagerly awaiting the arrival of this semi-exotic claimant to an English peerage, and sensations, surpassing those of the Tichbourne case, were looked forward to with palpitating interest. […]”
  7. (grammar) A specific inflection of a word (particularly a noun, pronoun, or adjective) depending on its function in the sentence.
    The accusative case canonically indicates a direct object.  Latin has six cases, and remnants of a seventh.
    • 1988, Andrew Radford, chapter 6, in Transformational grammar: a first course, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, page 292:
      Now, the Subject of either an indicative or a subjunctive Clause is always assigned Nominative case, as we see from:
      (16) (a)   I know [that they/*them/*their leave for Hawaii tomorrow]
      (16) (b)   I demand [that they/*them/*their leave for Hawaii tomorrow]
      By contrast, the Subject of an infinitive Clause is assigned Objective case, as we see from:
      (17)   I want [them/*they/*their to leave for Hawaii tomorrow]
      And the Subject of a gerund Clause is assigned either Objective or Genitive case: cf.
      (18)   I don't like the idea of [them/their/*they leaving for Hawaii tomorrow]
  8. (grammar, uncountable) Grammatical cases and their meanings taken either as a topic in general or within a specific language.
    Jane has been studying case in Caucasian languages.  Latin is a language that employs case.
  9. (medicine) An instance of a specific condition or set of symptoms.
    There were another five cases reported overnight.
  10. (programming) A section of code representing one of the actions of a conditional switch.
    • 2004, Rick Miller, C++ for Artists:
      Place a break statement at the end of every case to prevent case fall-through.
    • 2011, Stephen Prata, C++ Primer Plus, page 275:
      Execution does not automatically stop at the next case.
SynonymsEdit
HyponymsEdit
Derived termsEdit
TranslationsEdit
grammatical case — see grammatical case
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

VerbEdit

case (third-person singular simple present cases, present participle casing, simple past and past participle cased)

  1. (obsolete) to propose hypothetical cases

See alsoEdit

ReferencesEdit

Etymology 2Edit

From Middle English cas, from Old Northern French casse, (compare Old French chasse (“box, chest, case”)), from Latin capsa (“box, bookcase”), from capiō (“to take, seize, hold”). Doublet of cash. Compare Spanish caja, Asturian caxa.

NounEdit

case (plural cases)

  2. A box that contains or can contain a number of identical items of manufacture.
  3. A box, sheath, or covering generally.
    a case for spectacles; the case of a watch
  4. A piece of luggage that can be used to transport an apparatus such as a sewing machine.
  5. An enclosing frame or casing.
    a door case; a window case
  6. A suitcase.
  7. A piece of furniture, constructed partially of transparent glass or plastic, within which items can be displayed.
  8. The outer covering or framework of a piece of apparatus such as a computer.
  9. (printing, historical) A shallow tray divided into compartments or "boxes" for holding type, traditionally arranged in sets of two, the "upper case" (containing capitals, small capitals, accented) and "lower case" (small letters, figures, punctuation marks, quadrats, and spaces).
  10. (typography, by extension) The nature of a piece of alphabetic type, whether a “capital” (upper case) or “small” (lower case) letter.
  11. (poker slang) Four of a kind.
  12. (US) A unit of liquid measure used to measure sales in the beverage industry, equivalent to 192 fluid ounces.
  13. (mining) A small fissure which admits water into the workings.
    (Can we find and add a quotation of Knight to this entry?)
  14. A thin layer of harder metal on the surface of an object whose deeper metal is allowed to remain soft.
  15. A cardboard box that holds (usually 24) beer bottles or cans.
    Synonym: carton
    a single case of Bud Light
HyponymsEdit
Terms derived from case (noun, etymology 2)
TranslationsEdit
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked
ReferencesEdit

AdjectiveEdit

case (not comparable)

  1. (poker slang) The last remaining card of a particular rank.
    He drew the case eight!
    • 2006, David Apostolico, Lessons from the Professional Poker Tour (page 21)
      If he did have a bigger ace, I still had at least six outs — the case ace, two nines, and three tens. I could also have more outs if he held anything less than A-K.
ReferencesEdit

VerbEdit

case (third-person singular simple present cases, present participle casing, simple past and past participle cased)

  1. (transitive) To place (an item or items of manufacture) into a box, as in preparation for shipment.
  2. (transitive) To cover or protect with, or as if with, a case; to enclose.
    • 1856-1858, William H. Prescott, History of the Reign of Philip II:
      The man who, cased in steel, had passed whole days and nights in the saddle.
  3. (transitive, informal) To survey (a building or other location) surreptitiously, as in preparation for a robbery.
    • 1977, Michael Innes, The Gay Phoenix, →ISBN, page 116:
      You are in the grounds of Brockholes Abbey, a house into which a great deal of valuable property has just been moved. And your job is to case the joint for a break in.
    • 2014, Amy Goodman, From COINTELPRO to Snowden, the FBI Burglars Speak Out After 43 Years of Silence (Part 2), Democracy Now!, January 8, 2014, 0:49 to 0:57:
      Bonnie worked as a daycare director. She helped case the FBI office by posing as a college student interested in becoming an FBI agent.
TranslationsEdit
Derived termsEdit

AnagramsEdit

AfarEdit

PronunciationEdit

  • IPA(key): /ħʌˈse/
  • Hyphenation: ca‧se

VerbEdit

casé

  1. (transitive) hit

ConjugationEdit

Conjugation of case (type II verb)
Indicative
Perfective Imperfective
Positive Negative Positive Negative
1st singular casé macasinniyó casá macasá
2nd singular casté macasinnitó castá macastá
3rd singular m casé macasinná casá macasá
3rd singular f casté macasinná castá macastá
1st plural casné macasinninó casná macasná
2nd plural casteení macasinnitonú castaaná macastaaná
3rd plural caseení macasinnonú casaaná macasaaná
Imperative Optative
Positive Negative Positive Negative
singular cás macasín casáy casé way
plural casá macasiná casóonay casé wóonay
Obligative Conjunctive
Positive Negative Positive Negative
1st singular casaamá casé waamá cásu casé wáyu
2nd singular castaamá casé waytaamá cástu casé wáytu
3rd singular m casaamá casé waamá cásu casé wáyu
3rd singular f castaamá casé waytaamá cástu casé wáytu
1st plural casnaamá casé waynaamá cásnu casé wáynu
2nd plural castaanamá casé waytaanamá castánu casé waytóonu
3rd plural casaanamá casé waanaamá casánu casé wóonu
Consultative Positive converb
Positive Negative -h cásah
singular casóo macasóo -k cásak
plural casnóo macasnóo -ín(n)uh casínnuh
Future prospective -ínnuk casínnuk
Positive Negative Negative converb
1st singular caseliyó casé waamá -h casé waah
2nd singular caselitó casé waytaamá -k casé waak
3rd singular m caselé casé waamá -ín(n)uh casé wánnuh
3rd singular f caselé casé waytaamá -ínnuk casé wánnuk
1st plural caselinó casé waynaamá
2nd plural caselitónu casé waytaanamá
3rd plural caselónu casé waanaamá
Compound tenses
Past perfect perfective + -h + imperfective of en
Present progressive imperfective + -h + imperfective of en
Past progressive -k converb + perfective of sugé
Future progressive -k converb + imperfective of sugé
Past anterior imperfective + -h + perfective of en
imperfective + -h + perfective of sugé
Future anterior perfective + -h + imperfective of sugé
imperfective + -h + future simple of sugé
Past habitual -k converb + imperfective of en
-k converb + imperfective of sugé
Defective casé + perfective of raaré
casé + perfective of xaaxé
Immediate future positive conjunctive + imperfective of wee

ReferencesEdit

  • Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)‎[2], Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis), page 263

AsturianEdit

VerbEdit

case

  1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive of casar

ChineseEdit

Alternative formsEdit

EtymologyEdit

Borrowed from English case.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

case

  1. (Hong Kong Cantonese) case (clarification of this definition is needed)

FrenchEdit

EtymologyEdit

Borrowed from Latin casa, in the sense of "hut, cabin". The other senses are a semantic loan from Spanish casa. Doublet of chez, which was inherited.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

case f (plural cases)

  1. (archaic, rare or regional) hut, cabin, shack
  2. box (on form)
  3. square (on board game)

Derived termsEdit

Further readingEdit

AnagramsEdit

GalicianEdit

Alternative formsEdit

EtymologyEdit

Attested since the 15th century (quasy), from Latin quasi (“as if”).

PronunciationEdit

AdverbEdit

case

  1. almost

ReferencesEdit

  • “quasy” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006-2016.
  • “case” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006-2013.
  • “case” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
  • “case” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.

ItalianEdit

PronunciationEdit

  • Hyphenation: ca‧se

NounEdit

case f

  1. plural of casa

AnagramsEdit

Lower SorbianEdit

PronunciationEdit

  • IPA(key): /ˈt͡sasɛ/, [ˈt͡sasə]

NounEdit

case

  1. nominative/accusative plural of cas

Middle DutchEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Dutch *kāsi, from late Proto-West Germanic *kāsī, borrowed from Latin cāseus.

NounEdit

câse m or n

  1. cheese

InflectionEdit

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

Alternative formsEdit

DescendantsEdit

  • Dutch: kaas
    • Afrikaans: kaas
      • → Sotho: kase
      • → Tswana: kase
    • Berbice Creole Dutch: kasi
    • Jersey Dutch: kääs
    • Negerhollands: kaas, kaes
    • → Papiamentu: keshi (from the diminutive)
    • → Sranan Tongo: kasi
  • Limburgish: kieës, kees

Further readingEdit

Norwegian BokmålEdit

EtymologyEdit

English case, from Latin cāsus. Doublet of kasus.

PronunciationEdit

  • IPA(key): /kɛɪ̯s/, /kæɪ̯s/

NounEdit

case m or n (definite singular casen or caset, indefinite plural caser, definite plural casene)

  1. a case study; a case as used in a case study

ReferencesEdit

Norwegian NynorskEdit

EtymologyEdit

English case, from Latin cāsus. Doublet of kasus.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

case m or n (definite singular casen or caset, indefinite plural casar or case, definite plural casane or casa)

  1. a case study; a case as used in a case study
    Synonyms: døme, eksempel

ReferencesEdit

Old FrenchEdit

NounEdit

case m (oblique plural cases, nominative singular cases, nominative plural case)

  1. (grammar) case

PortugueseEdit

PronunciationEdit

  • IPA(key): (Brazil) /ˈka.zi/, [ˈka.zi]
  • IPA(key): (Portugal) /ˈka.zɨ/, [ˈka.zɨ]

VerbEdit

case

  1. first-person singular (eu) present subjunctive of casar
  2. third-person singular (ele and ela, also used with você and others) present subjunctive of casar
  3. third-person singular (você) affirmative imperative of casar
  4. third-person singular (você) negative imperative of casar

RomanianEdit

NounEdit

case

  1. plural of casă

SpanishEdit

PronunciationEdit

VerbEdit

case

  1. Formal second-person singular (usted) imperative form of casar.
  2. First-person singular (yo) present subjunctive form of casar.
  3. Formal second-person singular (usted) present subjunctive form of casar.
  4. Third-person singular (él, ella, also used with usted?) present subjunctive form of casar.

VenetianEdit

NounEdit

case

  1. plural of casa
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=case&oldid=64456876"