Wiktionary

case

See also: CASE, Case, casé, cáse, cåse, cåsĕ, čase, and čaše

EnglishEdit

PronunciationEdit

  • IPA(key): /keɪs/
  • Audio (US)(file)
  • Rhymes: -eɪs
  • Hyphenation: case

Etymology 1Edit

Middle English cas, from Old French cas (“an event”), from Latin cāsus (“a falling, a fall; accident, event, occurrence; occasion, opportunity; noun case”), perfect passive participle of cadō (“to fall, to drop”).

NounEdit

case (plural cases)

  1. An actual event, situation, or fact.
    For a change, in this case, he was telling the truth.
    It is not the case that every unfamiliar phrase is an idiom.
    In case of fire, break glass. [sign on fire extinguisher holder in public space]
    • 2013 July 20, “The attack of the MOOCs”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8845:
      Since the launch early last year of […] two Silicon Valley start-ups offering free education through MOOCs, massive open online courses, the ivory towers of academia have been shaken to their foundations. University brands built in some cases over centuries have been forced to contemplate the possibility that information technology will rapidly make their existing business model obsolete.
  2. (now rare) A given condition or state.
    • 1590, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Qveene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for VVilliam Ponsonbie, OCLC 960102938, book III, canto 10:
      Ne wist he how to turne, nor to what place: / Was never wretched man in such a wofull cace.
    • 1726, Nathan Bailey, John Worlidge, Dictionarium Rusticum, Urbanicum & Botanicum
      Mares which are over-fat, hold with much difficulty; whereas those that are but in good case and plump, conceive with the greatest readiness and ease.
  3. A piece of work, specifically defined within a profession.
    It was one of the detective's easiest cases.  Social workers should work on a maximum of forty active cases.  The doctor told us of an interesting case he had treated that morning.
    • 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter II, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., OCLC 222716698:
      We drove back to the office with some concern on my part at the prospect of so large a case. Sunning himself on the board steps, I saw for the first time Mr. Farquhar Fenelon Cooke.
    • 1927, F. E. Penny, chapter 4, in Pulling the Strings:
      The case was that of a murder. It had an element of mystery about it, however, which was puzzling the authorities. A turban and loincloth soaked in blood had been found; also a staff. These properties were known to have belonged to a toddy drawer. He had disappeared.
  4. (academia) An instance or event as a topic of study.
    The teaching consists of theory lessons and case studies.
  6. (law) A legal proceeding, lawsuit.
    • 1905, Baroness Emmuska Orczy, chapter 2, in The Tremarn Case‎[1]:
      “Two or three months more went by ; the public were eagerly awaiting the arrival of this semi-exotic claimant to an English peerage, and sensations, surpassing those of the Tichbourne case, were looked forward to with palpitating interest. […]”
  7. (grammar) A specific inflection of a word (particularly a noun, pronoun, or adjective) depending on its function in the sentence.
    The accusative case canonically indicates a direct object.  Latin has six cases, and remnants of a seventh.
    • 1988, Andrew Radford, chapter 6, in Transformational grammar: a first course, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, page 292:
      Now, the Subject of either an indicative or a subjunctive Clause is always assigned Nominative case, as we see from:
      (16) (a)   I know [that they/*them/*their leave for Hawaii tomorrow]
      (16) (b)   I demand [that they/*them/*their leave for Hawaii tomorrow]
      By contrast, the Subject of an infinitive Clause is assigned Objective case, as we see from:
      (17)   I want [them/*they/*their to leave for Hawaii tomorrow]
      And the Subject of a gerund Clause is assigned either Objective or Genitive case: cf.
      (18)   I don't like the idea of [them/their/*they leaving for Hawaii tomorrow]
  8. (grammar, uncountable) Grammatical cases and their meanings taken either as a topic in general or within a specific language.
    Jane has been studying case in Caucasian languages.  Latin is a language that employs case.
  9. (medicine) An instance of a specific condition or set of symptoms.
    There were another five cases reported overnight.
  10. (programming) A section of code representing one of the actions of a conditional switch.
    • 2004, Rick Miller, C++ for Artists:
      Place a break statement at the end of every case to prevent case fall-through.
    • 2011, Stephen Prata, C++ Primer Plus, page 275:
      Execution does not automatically stop at the next case.
SynonymsEdit
HyponymsEdit
Derived termsEdit
TranslationsEdit
grammatical case — see grammatical case
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked
DescendantsEdit
  • → Swedish: case n

VerbEdit

case (third-person singular simple present cases, present participle casing, simple past and past participle cased)

  1. (obsolete) to propose hypothetical cases

See alsoEdit

ReferencesEdit

Etymology 2Edit

From Middle English cas, from Old Northern French casse, (compare Old French chasse (“box, chest, case”)), from Latin capsa (“box, bookcase”), from capiō (“to take, seize, hold”). Doublet of cash. Compare Spanish caja, Asturian caxa.

NounEdit

case (plural cases)

  2. A box that contains or can contain a number of identical items of manufacture.
  3. A box, sheath, or covering generally.
    a case for spectacles; the case of a watch
  4. A piece of luggage that can be used to transport an apparatus such as a sewing machine.
  5. An enclosing frame or casing.
    a door case; a window case
  6. A suitcase.
  7. A piece of furniture, constructed partially of transparent glass or plastic, within which items can be displayed.
  8. The outer covering or framework of a piece of apparatus such as a computer.
  9. (printing, historical) A shallow tray divided into compartments or "boxes" for holding type, traditionally arranged in sets of two, the "upper case" (containing capitals, small capitals, accented) and "lower case" (small letters, figures, punctuation marks, quadrats, and spaces).
  10. (typography, by extension) The nature of a piece of alphabetic type, whether a “capital” (upper case) or “small” (lower case) letter.
  11. (poker slang) Four of a kind.
  12. (US) A unit of liquid measure used to measure sales in the beverage industry, equivalent to 192 fluid ounces.
  13. (mining) A small fissure which admits water into the workings[1].
  14. A thin layer of harder metal on the surface of an object whose deeper metal is allowed to remain soft.
  15. A cardboard box that holds (usually 24) beer bottles or cans.
    Synonym: carton
    a single case of Bud Light
HyponymsEdit
Terms derived from case (noun, etymology 2)
TranslationsEdit
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked
ReferencesEdit
  1. ^ 1874, Edward H. Knight, American Mechanical Dictionary

AdjectiveEdit

case (not comparable)

  1. (poker slang) The last remaining card of a particular rank.
    He drew the case eight!
    • 2006, David Apostolico, Lessons from the Professional Poker Tour (page 21)
      If he did have a bigger ace, I still had at least six outs — the case ace, two nines, and three tens. I could also have more outs if he held anything less than A-K.
ReferencesEdit

VerbEdit

case (third-person singular simple present cases, present participle casing, simple past and past participle cased)

  1. (transitive) To place (an item or items of manufacture) into a box, as in preparation for shipment.
  2. (transitive) To cover or protect with, or as if with, a case; to enclose.
  3. (transitive, informal) To survey (a building or other location) surreptitiously, as in preparation for a robbery.
    • 1977, Michael Innes, The Gay Phoenix, →ISBN, page 116:
      You are in the grounds of Brockholes Abbey, a house into which a great deal of valuable property has just been moved. And your job is to case the joint for a break in.
    • 2014, Amy Goodman, From COINTELPRO to Snowden, the FBI Burglars Speak Out After 43 Years of Silence (Part 2), Democracy Now!, January 8, 2014, 0:49 to 0:57:
      Bonnie worked as a daycare director. She helped case the FBI office by posing as a college student interested in becoming an FBI agent.
TranslationsEdit
Derived termsEdit

AnagramsEdit

AfarEdit

PronunciationEdit

  • IPA(key): /ħʌˈse/
  • Hyphenation: ca‧se

VerbEdit

casé (frequentative casamcasé, passive cassiimé)

  1. (transitive) wave at
  2. (transitive) strike, hit

ConjugationEdit

Conjugation of case (type II verb)
1st singular 2nd singular 3rd singular 1st plural 2nd plural 3rd plural
m f
perfective V-affirmative caséh castéh caséh castéh casnéh casteeníh caseeníh
N-affirmative casé casté casé casté casné castén casén
negative mácasinniyo mácasinnito mácasinna mácasinna mácasinnino mácasinniton mácasinnon
imperfective V-affirmative casáh castáh casáh castáh casnáh castaanáh casaanáh
N-affirmative casá castá casá castá casná castán casán
negative mácasa mácasta mácasa mácasta mácasna mácastan mácasan
prospective V-affirmative caséliyoh
caséyyoh		 casélitoh
caséttoh		 caséleh caséleh casélinoh
casénnoh		 casélitoonuh
caséttoonuh		 caséloonuh
N-affirmative caséliyo
caséyyo		 casélito
casétto		 caséle caséle casélino
casénno		 caséliton
casétton		 casélon
conjunctive I V-affirmative cásuh cástuh cásuh cástuh cásuh castóonuh casóonuh
N-affirmative cásu cástu cásu cástu cásu castón casón
negative casé wáyuh casé wáytuh casé wáyuh casé wáytuh casé wáynuh casé waytóonuh casé wóonuh
conjunctive II V-affirmative casánkeh castánkeh casánkeh castánkeh casnánkeh castaanánkeh casaanánkeh
N-affirmative casánke castánke casánke castánke casnánke castaanánke casaanánke
negative casé wáankeh casé waytánkeh casé wáankeh casé waytánkeh casé waynánkeh casé waytaanánkeh casé wáankeh
jussive affirmative cásay cástay cásay cástay cásay castóonay casóonay
negative casé wáay casé wáytay casé wáay casé wáytay casé wáynay casé waytóonay casé wóonay
past
conditional 		affirmative casinniyóy casinnitóy casinnáy casinnáy casinninóy casinnitoonúy casinnoonúy
negative casé wanniyóy casé wannitóy casé wannáy casé wannáy casé wanninóy casé wannitoonúy casé wanninoonúy
present
conditional I 		affirmative casék casték casék casték casnék casteeník caseeník
negative casé wéek casé wayték casé wéek casé wayték casé waynék casé wayteeník casé weeník
singular plural singular plural
consultative affirmative casóo casnóo imperative affirmative cás cása
negative macasóo macasnóo negative mácasin mácasina
-h converb -i form -k converb -in(n)uh converb -innuk converb infinitive indefinite participle
V-focus N-focus
cásah cási cásak casínnuh casínnuk casíyya casináanih casináan
Compound tenses
past perfect affirmative perfective + perfective of én or sugé
present perfect affirmative perfective + imperfective of én
future perfect affirmative perfective + prospective of sugé
past progressive -k converb + imperfective of én or sugé
present progressive affirmative imperfect + imperfective of én
future progressive -k converb + prospective of sugé
immediate future affirmative conjunctive I + imperfective of wée
imperfect potential I affirmative conjunctive I + imperfective of takké
imperfect
potential II 		affirmative imperfective + -m + takké
negative casé + imperfective of wée + -m + takké
perfect
potential 		affirmative perfective + -m + takké
negative casé + perfective of wée + -m + takké
present
conditional II 		affirmative imperfective + object pronoun + tekkék
negative casé + perfective of wée + object pronoun + tekkék
perfect
conditional 		affirmative perfective + imperfective of sugé + -k
negative perfective + sugé + imperfective of wée -k
irrealis casé + perfective of xaaxé or raaré

ReferencesEdit

  • E. M. Parker; R. J. Hayward (1985), “case”, in An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN
  • Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)‎[2], Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis), page 263

AsturianEdit

VerbEdit

case

  1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive of casar

ChineseEdit

Alternative formsEdit

EtymologyEdit

Borrowed from English case.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

case

  1. (Hong Kong Cantonese) case (clarification of this definition is needed)

FrenchEdit

EtymologyEdit

Borrowed from Latin casa, in the sense of "hut, cabin". The other senses are a semantic loan from Spanish casa. Doublet of chez, which was inherited.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

case f (plural cases)

  1. (archaic, rare or regional) hut, cabin, shack
  2. box (on form)
  3. square (on board game)

Derived termsEdit

DescendantsEdit

  • Saint Dominican Creole French: caze
    • Haitian Creole: kay

Further readingEdit

AnagramsEdit

GalicianEdit

Alternative formsEdit

EtymologyEdit

Attested since the 15th century (quasy), inherited from Latin quasi (“as if”).

PronunciationEdit

AdverbEdit

case

  1. almost

ReferencesEdit

  • “quasy” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006–2016.
  • “case” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
  • “case” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
  • “case” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.

ItalianEdit

PronunciationEdit

  • Hyphenation: ca‧se

NounEdit

case f

  1. plural of casa

AnagramsEdit

Lower SorbianEdit

PronunciationEdit

  • IPA(key): /ˈt͡sasɛ/, [ˈt͡sasə]

NounEdit

case

  1. nominative/accusative plural of cas

Middle DutchEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Dutch *kāsi, from late Proto-West Germanic *kāsī, borrowed from Latin cāseus.

NounEdit

câse m or n

  1. cheese

InflectionEdit

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

Alternative formsEdit

DescendantsEdit

Further readingEdit

Norwegian BokmålEdit

EtymologyEdit

English case, from Latin cāsus. Doublet of kasus.

PronunciationEdit

  • IPA(key): /kɛɪ̯s/, /kæɪ̯s/

NounEdit

case m or n (definite singular casen or caset, indefinite plural caser, definite plural casene)

  1. a case study; a case as used in a case study

ReferencesEdit

Norwegian NynorskEdit

EtymologyEdit

English case, from Latin cāsus. Doublet of kasus.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

case m or n (definite singular casen or caset, indefinite plural casar or case, definite plural casane or casa)

  1. a case study; a case as used in a case study
    Synonyms: døme, eksempel

ReferencesEdit

Old FrenchEdit

NounEdit

case m (oblique plural cases, nominative singular cases, nominative plural case)

  1. (grammar) case

PortugueseEdit

PronunciationEdit

VerbEdit

case

  1. first-person singular (eu) present subjunctive of casar
  2. third-person singular (ele and ela, also used with você and others) present subjunctive of casar
  3. third-person singular (você) affirmative imperative of casar
  4. third-person singular (você) negative imperative of casar

RomanianEdit

NounEdit

case

  1. inflection of casă:
    1. plural
    2. genitive/dative singular

SpanishEdit

PronunciationEdit

VerbEdit

case

  1. Formal second-person singular (usted) imperative form of casar.
  2. First-person singular (yo) present subjunctive form of casar.
  3. Formal second-person singular (usted) present subjunctive form of casar.
  4. Third-person singular (él, ella, also used with usted?) present subjunctive form of casar.

SwedishEdit

 
Swedish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia sv

EtymologyEdit

Borrowed from English case, from Latin cāsus. Doublet of kasus.

NounEdit

case n

  1. (countable) a case (instance or event as a topic of study)


SynonymsEdit

Derived termsEdit

VenetianEdit

NounEdit

case

  1. plural of casa
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