grḥ

See also: grH and grh

Egyptian

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /ɡɛrɛh/
  • Conventional anglicization: gereh

Noun

 m

1. end, ending

Inflection

Declension of grḥ (masculine)

singular	grḥ
dual	grḥwj
plural	grḥw

Verb

 3-lit.

1. (intransitive) be quiet, be peaceful

Inflection

Conjugation of grḥ (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: grḥ, geminated stem: grḥḥ

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
grḥ	grḥw, grḥ	grḥt	grḥ	grḥ

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
grḥ	ḥr grḥ	m grḥ	r grḥ

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	grḥ.n	grḥw, grḥ	consecutive	grḥ.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	grḥt
perfective3	grḥ	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	grḥ.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	grḥ	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	grḥ	grḥḥ	potentialis1	grḥ.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	grḥ	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	grḥ.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	grḥ	active + .tj1, .tw2	grḥ	grḥ, grḥw5, grḥy5
imperfective	grḥ, grḥy, grḥw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	grḥ, grḥj6, grḥy6	grḥ, grḥw5
prospective	grḥ, grḥtj7	—	grḥtj4, grḥt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Derived terms

• sgrḥ

 

(quiet down, make calm, pacify)

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈkʼaːɾaħ/ → /ˈkʼaːɾaħ/ → /ˈkʼaːɾəħ/ → /ˈkʼoːɾəħ/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈkʼaːɾaħ/
• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈkʼaːɾaħ/
• (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈkʼaːɾəħ/
• (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈkʼoːɾəħ/

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /ɡɛrɛh/
  • Conventional anglicization: gereh

Noun

 m

1. night
   • c. 1401 BCE, Amduat of Amenhotep II (tomb of Amenhotep II, KV35) First Hour, closing text, line 11:

     jt.k grḥ jnt.k hrw

     May you take away the night; may you bring the day.

Inflection

Declension of grḥ (masculine)

singular	grḥ
dual	grḥwj
plural	grḥw

Antonyms

• hrw
• rꜥ

Descendants

• Demotic: grḥ
  • Bohairic Coptic: ⲉϫⲱⲣϩ (ečōrh), ϫⲱⲣϩ (čōrh)
  • Fayyumic Coptic: ϭⲱⲣϩ (cōrh)
  • Lycopolitan Coptic: ϭⲱⲣϩ (cōrh)
  • Old Coptic: ϫⲱⲣϩ (čōrh)
  • Sahidic Coptic: ϭⲱⲣϩ (cōrh), ϭⲱⲣⲁϩ (cōrah)

References

• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 84, 107.
• Leprohon, Ronald J. (2013) The Great Name: Ancient Egyptian Royal Titulary‎^[1], SBL Press, →ISBN