gwrthwynebu
Welsh
editEtymology
editgwrthwyneb (“opposed to”) + -u, from gwrth (“opposite”, see wrth) + wyneb (“face”)
Pronunciation
edit- (North Wales) IPA(key): /ˌɡʊrθwɨ̞ˈnɛbɨ/
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /ˌɡʊrθwɪˈneːbi/, /ˌɡʊrθwɪˈnɛbi/
Verb
editgwrthwynebu (first-person singular present gwrthwynebaf)
- to oppose
Conjugation
editConjugation (literary)
singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
present indicative/future | gwrthwynebaf | gwrthwynebi | gwrthwyneba | gwrthwynebwn | gwrthwynebwch | gwrthwynebant | gwrthwynebir | |
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional |
gwrthwynebwn | gwrthwynebit | gwrthwynebai | gwrthwynebem | gwrthwynebech | gwrthwynebent | gwrthwynebid | |
preterite | gwrthwynebais | gwrthwynebaist | gwrthwynebodd | gwrthwynebasom | gwrthwynebasoch | gwrthwynebasant | gwrthwynebwyd | |
pluperfect | gwrthwynebaswn | gwrthwynebasit | gwrthwynebasai | gwrthwynebasem | gwrthwynebasech | gwrthwynebasent | gwrthwynebasid, gwrthwynebesid | |
present subjunctive | gwrthwynebwyf | gwrthwynebych | gwrthwynebo | gwrthwynebom | gwrthwyneboch | gwrthwynebont | gwrthwyneber | |
imperative | — | gwrthwyneba | gwrthwynebed | gwrthwynebwn | gwrthwynebwch | gwrthwynebent | gwrthwyneber | |
verbal noun | gwrthwynebu | |||||||
verbal adjectives | gwrthwynebedig gwrthwynebadwy |
Conjugation (colloquial)
Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | |
future | gwrthwyneba i, gwrthwynebaf i | gwrthwynebi di | gwrthwynebith o/e/hi, gwrthwynebiff e/hi | gwrthwynebwn ni | gwrthwynebwch chi | gwrthwyneban nhw |
conditional | gwrthwynebwn i, gwrthwynebswn i | gwrthwynebet ti, gwrthwynebset ti | gwrthwynebai fo/fe/hi, gwrthwynebsai fo/fe/hi | gwrthwyneben ni, gwrthwynebsen ni | gwrthwynebech chi, gwrthwynebsech chi | gwrthwyneben nhw, gwrthwynebsen nhw |
preterite | gwrthwynebais i, gwrthwynebes i | gwrthwynebaist ti, gwrthwynebest ti | gwrthwynebodd o/e/hi | gwrthwynebon ni | gwrthwyneboch chi | gwrthwynebon nhw |
imperative | — | gwrthwyneba | — | — | gwrthwynebwch | — |
Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. |
Derived terms
edit- gwrthwynebiad (“opposition”)
- gwrthwynebydd (“opposer”)
Mutation
editWelsh mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
gwrthwynebu | wrthwynebu | ngwrthwynebu | unchanged |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Further reading
edit- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “gwrthwynebu”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies