Tone L
|
Infinitive
|
ukuhlehla
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
Infinitive
|
ukuhlehla
|
ukungahlehli
|
|
Imperative
|
|
Simple
|
+ object concord
|
Singular
|
hlehla
|
-hlehle
|
Plural
|
hlehlani
|
-hlehleni
|
|
Present
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiyahlehla, ngihlehla
|
engihlehlayo, engihlehla
|
ngihlehla
|
angihlehli
|
engingahlehli
|
ngingahlehli
|
2nd singular
|
uyahlehla, uhlehla
|
ohlehlayo, ohlehla
|
uhlehla
|
awuhlehli
|
ongahlehli
|
ungahlehli
|
1st plural
|
siyahlehla, sihlehla
|
esihlehlayo, esihlehla
|
sihlehla
|
asihlehli
|
esingahlehli
|
singahlehli
|
2nd plural
|
niyahlehla, nihlehla
|
enihlehlayo, enihlehla
|
nihlehla
|
anihlehli
|
eningahlehli
|
ningahlehli
|
Class 1
|
uyahlehla, uhlehla
|
ohlehlayo, ohlehla
|
ehlehla
|
akahlehli
|
ongahlehli
|
engahlehli
|
Class 2
|
bayahlehla, bahlehla
|
abahlehlayo, abahlehla
|
behlehla
|
abahlehli
|
abangahlehli
|
bengahlehli
|
Class 3
|
uyahlehla, uhlehla
|
ohlehlayo, ohlehla
|
uhlehla
|
awuhlehli
|
ongahlehli
|
ungahlehli
|
Class 4
|
iyahlehla, ihlehla
|
ehlehlayo, ehlehla
|
ihlehla
|
ayihlehli
|
engahlehli
|
ingahlehli
|
Class 5
|
liyahlehla, lihlehla
|
elihlehlayo, elihlehla
|
lihlehla
|
alihlehli
|
elingahlehli
|
lingahlehli
|
Class 6
|
ayahlehla, ahlehla
|
ahlehlayo, ahlehla
|
ehlehla
|
awahlehli
|
angahlehli
|
engahlehli
|
Class 7
|
siyahlehla, sihlehla
|
esihlehlayo, esihlehla
|
sihlehla
|
asihlehli
|
esingahlehli
|
singahlehli
|
Class 8
|
ziyahlehla, zihlehla
|
ezihlehlayo, ezihlehla
|
zihlehla
|
azihlehli
|
ezingahlehli
|
zingahlehli
|
Class 9
|
iyahlehla, ihlehla
|
ehlehlayo, ehlehla
|
ihlehla
|
ayihlehli
|
engahlehli
|
ingahlehli
|
Class 10
|
ziyahlehla, zihlehla
|
ezihlehlayo, ezihlehla
|
zihlehla
|
azihlehli
|
ezingahlehli
|
zingahlehli
|
Class 11
|
luyahlehla, luhlehla
|
oluhlehlayo, oluhlehla
|
luhlehla
|
aluhlehli
|
olungahlehli
|
lungahlehli
|
Class 14
|
buyahlehla, buhlehla
|
obuhlehlayo, obuhlehla
|
buhlehla
|
abuhlehli
|
obungahlehli
|
bungahlehli
|
Class 15
|
kuyahlehla, kuhlehla
|
okuhlehlayo, okuhlehla
|
kuhlehla
|
akuhlehli
|
okungahlehli
|
kungahlehli
|
Class 17
|
kuyahlehla, kuhlehla
|
okuhlehlayo, okuhlehla
|
kuhlehla
|
akuhlehli
|
okungahlehli
|
kungahlehli
|
|
Recent past
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngihlehlile, ngihlehlē
|
engihlehlile, engihlehlē
|
ngihlehlile, ngihlehlē
|
angihlehlanga
|
engingahlehlanga
|
ngingahlehlanga
|
2nd singular
|
uhlehlile, uhlehlē
|
ohlehlile, ohlehlē
|
uhlehlile, uhlehlē
|
awuhlehlanga
|
ongahlehlanga
|
ungahlehlanga
|
1st plural
|
sihlehlile, sihlehlē
|
esihlehlile, esihlehlē
|
sihlehlile, sihlehlē
|
asihlehlanga
|
esingahlehlanga
|
singahlehlanga
|
2nd plural
|
nihlehlile, nihlehlē
|
enihlehlile, enihlehlē
|
nihlehlile, nihlehlē
|
anihlehlanga
|
eningahlehlanga
|
ningahlehlanga
|
Class 1
|
uhlehlile, uhlehlē
|
ohlehlile, ohlehlē
|
ehlehlile, ehlehlē
|
akahlehlanga
|
ongahlehlanga
|
engahlehlanga
|
Class 2
|
bahlehlile, bahlehlē
|
abahlehlile, abahlehlē
|
behlehlile, behlehlē
|
abahlehlanga
|
abangahlehlanga
|
bengahlehlanga
|
Class 3
|
uhlehlile, uhlehlē
|
ohlehlile, ohlehlē
|
uhlehlile, uhlehlē
|
awuhlehlanga
|
ongahlehlanga
|
ungahlehlanga
|
Class 4
|
ihlehlile, ihlehlē
|
ehlehlile, ehlehlē
|
ihlehlile, ihlehlē
|
ayihlehlanga
|
engahlehlanga
|
ingahlehlanga
|
Class 5
|
lihlehlile, lihlehlē
|
elihlehlile, elihlehlē
|
lihlehlile, lihlehlē
|
alihlehlanga
|
elingahlehlanga
|
lingahlehlanga
|
Class 6
|
ahlehlile, ahlehlē
|
ahlehlile, ahlehlē
|
ehlehlile, ehlehlē
|
awahlehlanga
|
angahlehlanga
|
engahlehlanga
|
Class 7
|
sihlehlile, sihlehlē
|
esihlehlile, esihlehlē
|
sihlehlile, sihlehlē
|
asihlehlanga
|
esingahlehlanga
|
singahlehlanga
|
Class 8
|
zihlehlile, zihlehlē
|
ezihlehlile, ezihlehlē
|
zihlehlile, zihlehlē
|
azihlehlanga
|
ezingahlehlanga
|
zingahlehlanga
|
Class 9
|
ihlehlile, ihlehlē
|
ehlehlile, ehlehlē
|
ihlehlile, ihlehlē
|
ayihlehlanga
|
engahlehlanga
|
ingahlehlanga
|
Class 10
|
zihlehlile, zihlehlē
|
ezihlehlile, ezihlehlē
|
zihlehlile, zihlehlē
|
azihlehlanga
|
ezingahlehlanga
|
zingahlehlanga
|
Class 11
|
luhlehlile, luhlehlē
|
oluhlehlile, oluhlehlē
|
luhlehlile, luhlehlē
|
aluhlehlanga
|
olungahlehlanga
|
lungahlehlanga
|
Class 14
|
buhlehlile, buhlehlē
|
obuhlehlile, obuhlehlē
|
buhlehlile, buhlehlē
|
abuhlehlanga
|
obungahlehlanga
|
bungahlehlanga
|
Class 15
|
kuhlehlile, kuhlehlē
|
okuhlehlile, okuhlehlē
|
kuhlehlile, kuhlehlē
|
akuhlehlanga
|
okungahlehlanga
|
kungahlehlanga
|
Class 17
|
kuhlehlile, kuhlehlē
|
okuhlehlile, okuhlehlē
|
kuhlehlile, kuhlehlē
|
akuhlehlanga
|
okungahlehlanga
|
kungahlehlanga
|
|
Remote past
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngāhlehla
|
engāhlehla
|
ngāhlehla
|
angihlehlanga
|
engingahlehlanga
|
ngingahlehlanga
|
2nd singular
|
wāhlehla
|
owāhlehla
|
wāhlehla
|
awuhlehlanga
|
ongahlehlanga
|
ungahlehlanga
|
1st plural
|
sāhlehla
|
esāhlehla
|
sāhlehla
|
asihlehlanga
|
esingahlehlanga
|
singahlehlanga
|
2nd plural
|
nāhlehla
|
enāhlehla
|
nāhlehla
|
anihlehlanga
|
eningahlehlanga
|
ningahlehlanga
|
Class 1
|
wāhlehla
|
owāhlehla
|
āhlehla
|
akahlehlanga
|
ongahlehlanga
|
engahlehlanga
|
Class 2
|
bāhlehla
|
abāhlehla
|
bāhlehla
|
abahlehlanga
|
abangahlehlanga
|
bengahlehlanga
|
Class 3
|
wāhlehla
|
owāhlehla
|
wāhlehla
|
awuhlehlanga
|
ongahlehlanga
|
ungahlehlanga
|
Class 4
|
yāhlehla
|
eyāhlehla
|
yāhlehla
|
ayihlehlanga
|
engahlehlanga
|
ingahlehlanga
|
Class 5
|
lāhlehla
|
elāhlehla
|
lāhlehla
|
alihlehlanga
|
elingahlehlanga
|
lingahlehlanga
|
Class 6
|
āhlehla
|
āhlehla
|
āhlehla
|
awahlehlanga
|
angahlehlanga
|
engahlehlanga
|
Class 7
|
sāhlehla
|
esāhlehla
|
sāhlehla
|
asihlehlanga
|
esingahlehlanga
|
singahlehlanga
|
Class 8
|
zāhlehla
|
ezāhlehla
|
zāhlehla
|
azihlehlanga
|
ezingahlehlanga
|
zingahlehlanga
|
Class 9
|
yāhlehla
|
eyāhlehla
|
yāhlehla
|
ayihlehlanga
|
engahlehlanga
|
ingahlehlanga
|
Class 10
|
zāhlehla
|
ezāhlehla
|
zāhlehla
|
azihlehlanga
|
ezingahlehlanga
|
zingahlehlanga
|
Class 11
|
lwāhlehla
|
olwāhlehla
|
lwāhlehla
|
aluhlehlanga
|
olungahlehlanga
|
lungahlehlanga
|
Class 14
|
bāhlehla
|
obāhlehla
|
bāhlehla
|
abuhlehlanga
|
obungahlehlanga
|
bungahlehlanga
|
Class 15
|
kwāhlehla
|
okwāhlehla
|
kwāhlehla
|
akuhlehlanga
|
okungahlehlanga
|
kungahlehlanga
|
Class 17
|
kwāhlehla
|
okwāhlehla
|
kwāhlehla
|
akuhlehlanga
|
okungahlehlanga
|
kungahlehlanga
|
|
Potential
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngingahlehla
|
—
|
ngingahlehla
|
ngingehlehle
|
—
|
ngingehlehle
|
2nd singular
|
ungahlehla
|
—
|
ungahlehla
|
ungehlehle
|
—
|
ungehlehle
|
1st plural
|
singahlehla
|
—
|
singahlehla
|
singehlehle
|
—
|
singehlehle
|
2nd plural
|
ningahlehla
|
—
|
ningahlehla
|
ningehlehle
|
—
|
ningehlehle
|
Class 1
|
angahlehla
|
—
|
engahlehla
|
angehlehle
|
—
|
engehlehle
|
Class 2
|
bangahlehla
|
—
|
bengahlehla
|
bangehlehle
|
—
|
bengehlehle
|
Class 3
|
ungahlehla
|
—
|
ungahlehla
|
ungehlehle
|
—
|
ungehlehle
|
Class 4
|
ingahlehla
|
—
|
ingahlehla
|
ingehlehle
|
—
|
ingehlehle
|
Class 5
|
lingahlehla
|
—
|
lingahlehla
|
lingehlehle
|
—
|
lingehlehle
|
Class 6
|
angahlehla
|
—
|
engahlehla
|
angehlehle
|
—
|
engehlehle
|
Class 7
|
singahlehla
|
—
|
singahlehla
|
singehlehle
|
—
|
singehlehle
|
Class 8
|
zingahlehla
|
—
|
zingahlehla
|
zingehlehle
|
—
|
zingehlehle
|
Class 9
|
ingahlehla
|
—
|
ingahlehla
|
ingehlehle
|
—
|
ingehlehle
|
Class 10
|
zingahlehla
|
—
|
zingahlehla
|
zingehlehle
|
—
|
zingehlehle
|
Class 11
|
lungahlehla
|
—
|
lungahlehla
|
lungehlehle
|
—
|
lungehlehle
|
Class 14
|
bungahlehla
|
—
|
bungahlehla
|
bungehlehle
|
—
|
bungehlehle
|
Class 15
|
kungahlehla
|
—
|
kungahlehla
|
kungehlehle
|
—
|
kungehlehle
|
Class 17
|
kungahlehla
|
—
|
kungahlehla
|
kungehlehle
|
—
|
kungehlehle
|
|
Immediate future
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngizohlehla
|
engizohlehla
|
ngizohlehla
|
angizuhlehla
|
engingezuhlehla
|
ngingezuhlehla
|
2nd singular
|
uzohlehla
|
ozohlehla
|
uzohlehla
|
awuzuhlehla
|
ongezuhlehla
|
ungezuhlehla
|
1st plural
|
sizohlehla
|
esizohlehla
|
sizohlehla
|
asizuhlehla
|
esingezuhlehla
|
singezuhlehla
|
2nd plural
|
nizohlehla
|
enizohlehla
|
nizohlehla
|
anizuhlehla
|
eningezuhlehla
|
ningezuhlehla
|
Class 1
|
uzohlehla
|
ozohlehla
|
ezohlehla
|
akazuhlehla
|
ongezuhlehla
|
engezuhlehla
|
Class 2
|
bazohlehla
|
abazohlehla
|
bezohlehla
|
abazuhlehla
|
abangezuhlehla
|
bengezuhlehla
|
Class 3
|
uzohlehla
|
ozohlehla
|
uzohlehla
|
awuzuhlehla
|
ongezuhlehla
|
ungezuhlehla
|
Class 4
|
izohlehla
|
ezohlehla
|
izohlehla
|
ayizuhlehla
|
engezuhlehla
|
ingezuhlehla
|
Class 5
|
lizohlehla
|
elizohlehla
|
lizohlehla
|
alizuhlehla
|
elingezuhlehla
|
lingezuhlehla
|
Class 6
|
azohlehla
|
azohlehla
|
ezohlehla
|
awazuhlehla
|
angezuhlehla
|
engezuhlehla
|
Class 7
|
sizohlehla
|
esizohlehla
|
sizohlehla
|
asizuhlehla
|
esingezuhlehla
|
singezuhlehla
|
Class 8
|
zizohlehla
|
ezizohlehla
|
zizohlehla
|
azizuhlehla
|
ezingezuhlehla
|
zingezuhlehla
|
Class 9
|
izohlehla
|
ezohlehla
|
izohlehla
|
ayizuhlehla
|
engezuhlehla
|
ingezuhlehla
|
Class 10
|
zizohlehla
|
ezizohlehla
|
zizohlehla
|
azizuhlehla
|
ezingezuhlehla
|
zingezuhlehla
|
Class 11
|
luzohlehla
|
oluzohlehla
|
luzohlehla
|
aluzuhlehla
|
olungezuhlehla
|
lungezuhlehla
|
Class 14
|
buzohlehla
|
obuzohlehla
|
buzohlehla
|
abuzuhlehla
|
obungezuhlehla
|
bungezuhlehla
|
Class 15
|
kuzohlehla
|
okuzohlehla
|
kuzohlehla
|
akuzuhlehla
|
okungezuhlehla
|
kungezuhlehla
|
Class 17
|
kuzohlehla
|
okuzohlehla
|
kuzohlehla
|
akuzuhlehla
|
okungezuhlehla
|
kungezuhlehla
|
|
Remote future
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiyohlehla
|
engiyohlehla
|
ngiyohlehla
|
angiyuhlehla
|
engingeyuhlehla
|
ngingeyuhlehla
|
2nd singular
|
uyohlehla
|
oyohlehla
|
uyohlehla
|
awuyuhlehla
|
ongeyuhlehla
|
ungeyuhlehla
|
1st plural
|
siyohlehla
|
esiyohlehla
|
siyohlehla
|
asiyuhlehla
|
esingeyuhlehla
|
singeyuhlehla
|
2nd plural
|
niyohlehla
|
eniyohlehla
|
niyohlehla
|
aniyuhlehla
|
eningeyuhlehla
|
ningeyuhlehla
|
Class 1
|
uyohlehla
|
oyohlehla
|
eyohlehla
|
akayuhlehla
|
ongeyuhlehla
|
engeyuhlehla
|
Class 2
|
bayohlehla
|
abayohlehla
|
beyohlehla
|
abayuhlehla
|
abangeyuhlehla
|
bengeyuhlehla
|
Class 3
|
uyohlehla
|
oyohlehla
|
uyohlehla
|
awuyuhlehla
|
ongeyuhlehla
|
ungeyuhlehla
|
Class 4
|
iyohlehla
|
eyohlehla
|
iyohlehla
|
ayiyuhlehla
|
engeyuhlehla
|
ingeyuhlehla
|
Class 5
|
liyohlehla
|
eliyohlehla
|
liyohlehla
|
aliyuhlehla
|
elingeyuhlehla
|
lingeyuhlehla
|
Class 6
|
ayohlehla
|
ayohlehla
|
eyohlehla
|
awayuhlehla
|
angeyuhlehla
|
engeyuhlehla
|
Class 7
|
siyohlehla
|
esiyohlehla
|
siyohlehla
|
asiyuhlehla
|
esingeyuhlehla
|
singeyuhlehla
|
Class 8
|
ziyohlehla
|
eziyohlehla
|
ziyohlehla
|
aziyuhlehla
|
ezingeyuhlehla
|
zingeyuhlehla
|
Class 9
|
iyohlehla
|
eyohlehla
|
iyohlehla
|
ayiyuhlehla
|
engeyuhlehla
|
ingeyuhlehla
|
Class 10
|
ziyohlehla
|
eziyohlehla
|
ziyohlehla
|
aziyuhlehla
|
ezingeyuhlehla
|
zingeyuhlehla
|
Class 11
|
luyohlehla
|
oluyohlehla
|
luyohlehla
|
aluyuhlehla
|
olungeyuhlehla
|
lungeyuhlehla
|
Class 14
|
buyohlehla
|
obuyohlehla
|
buyohlehla
|
abuyuhlehla
|
obungeyuhlehla
|
bungeyuhlehla
|
Class 15
|
kuyohlehla
|
okuyohlehla
|
kuyohlehla
|
akuyuhlehla
|
okungeyuhlehla
|
kungeyuhlehla
|
Class 17
|
kuyohlehla
|
okuyohlehla
|
kuyohlehla
|
akuyuhlehla
|
okungeyuhlehla
|
kungeyuhlehla
|
|
Present subjunctive
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
1st singular
|
ngihlehle
|
ngingahlehli
|
2nd singular
|
uhlehle
|
ungahlehli
|
1st plural
|
sihlehle
|
singahlehli
|
2nd plural
|
nihlehle
|
ningahlehli
|
Class 1
|
ahlehle
|
angahlehli
|
Class 2
|
bahlehle
|
bangahlehli
|
Class 3
|
uhlehle
|
ungahlehli
|
Class 4
|
ihlehle
|
ingahlehli
|
Class 5
|
lihlehle
|
lingahlehli
|
Class 6
|
ahlehle
|
angahlehli
|
Class 7
|
sihlehle
|
singahlehli
|
Class 8
|
zihlehle
|
zingahlehli
|
Class 9
|
ihlehle
|
ingahlehli
|
Class 10
|
zihlehle
|
zingahlehli
|
Class 11
|
luhlehle
|
lungahlehli
|
Class 14
|
buhlehle
|
bungahlehli
|
Class 15
|
kuhlehle
|
kungahlehli
|
Class 17
|
kuhlehle
|
kungahlehli
|
|
Past subjunctive
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
1st singular
|
ngahlehla
|
ngangahlehla, angahlehla, angangahlehla
|
2nd singular
|
wahlehla
|
wangahlehla, awahlehla, awangahlehla
|
1st plural
|
sahlehla
|
sangahlehla, asahlehla, asangahlehla
|
2nd plural
|
nahlehla
|
nangahlehla, anahlehla, anangahlehla
|
Class 1
|
wahlehla
|
wangahlehla, akahlehla, akangahlehla
|
Class 2
|
bahlehla
|
bangahlehla, abahlehla, abangahlehla
|
Class 3
|
wahlehla
|
wangahlehla, awahlehla, awangahlehla
|
Class 4
|
yahlehla
|
yangahlehla, ayahlehla, ayangahlehla
|
Class 5
|
lahlehla
|
langahlehla, alahlehla, alangahlehla
|
Class 6
|
ahlehla
|
angahlehla, awahlehla, awangahlehla
|
Class 7
|
sahlehla
|
sangahlehla, asahlehla, asangahlehla
|
Class 8
|
zahlehla
|
zangahlehla, azahlehla, azangahlehla
|
Class 9
|
yahlehla
|
yangahlehla, ayahlehla, ayangahlehla
|
Class 10
|
zahlehla
|
zangahlehla, azahlehla, azangahlehla
|
Class 11
|
lwahlehla
|
lwangahlehla, alwahlehla, alwangahlehla
|
Class 14
|
bahlehla
|
bangahlehla, abahlehla, abangahlehla
|
Class 15
|
kwahlehla
|
kwangahlehla, akwahlehla, akwangahlehla
|
Class 17
|
kwahlehla
|
kwangahlehla, akwahlehla, akwangahlehla
|