incurver

French

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin incurvāre (“to bend inwards, bow, curve”), from in + curvō (“to bend”). Compare the inherited simple verb courber.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɛ̃.kyʁ.ve/

• Audio:

  (file)

Verb

incurver

1. (transitive) to bend into a curve

Conjugation

Conjugation of incurver (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	incurver
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	incurvant /ɛ̃.kyʁ.vɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		incurvé /ɛ̃.kyʁ.ve/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	incurve /ɛ̃.kyʁv/	incurves /ɛ̃.kyʁv/	incurve /ɛ̃.kyʁv/	incurvons /ɛ̃.kyʁ.vɔ̃/	incurvez /ɛ̃.kyʁ.ve/	incurvent /ɛ̃.kyʁv/
	imperfect	incurvais /ɛ̃.kyʁ.vɛ/	incurvais /ɛ̃.kyʁ.vɛ/	incurvait /ɛ̃.kyʁ.vɛ/	incurvions /ɛ̃.kyʁ.vjɔ̃/	incurviez /ɛ̃.kyʁ.vje/	incurvaient /ɛ̃.kyʁ.vɛ/
	past historic2	incurvai /ɛ̃.kyʁ.ve/	incurvas /ɛ̃.kyʁ.va/	incurva /ɛ̃.kyʁ.va/	incurvâmes /ɛ̃.kyʁ.vam/	incurvâtes /ɛ̃.kyʁ.vat/	incurvèrent /ɛ̃.kyʁ.vɛʁ/
	future	incurverai /ɛ̃.kyʁ.və.ʁe/	incurveras /ɛ̃.kyʁ.və.ʁa/	incurvera /ɛ̃.kyʁ.və.ʁa/	incurverons /ɛ̃.kyʁ.və.ʁɔ̃/	incurverez /ɛ̃.kyʁ.və.ʁe/	incurveront /ɛ̃.kyʁ.və.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	incurverais /ɛ̃.kyʁ.və.ʁɛ/	incurverais /ɛ̃.kyʁ.və.ʁɛ/	incurverait /ɛ̃.kyʁ.və.ʁɛ/	incurverions /ɛ̃.kyʁ.və.ʁjɔ̃/	incurveriez /ɛ̃.kyʁ.və.ʁje/	incurveraient /ɛ̃.kyʁ.və.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	incurve /ɛ̃.kyʁv/	incurves /ɛ̃.kyʁv/	incurve /ɛ̃.kyʁv/	incurvions /ɛ̃.kyʁ.vjɔ̃/	incurviez /ɛ̃.kyʁ.vje/	incurvent /ɛ̃.kyʁv/
	imperfect2	incurvasse /ɛ̃.kyʁ.vas/	incurvasses /ɛ̃.kyʁ.vas/	incurvât /ɛ̃.kyʁ.va/	incurvassions /ɛ̃.kyʁ.va.sjɔ̃/	incurvassiez /ɛ̃.kyʁ.va.sje/	incurvassent /ɛ̃.kyʁ.vas/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	incurve /ɛ̃.kyʁv/	—	incurvons /ɛ̃.kyʁ.vɔ̃/	incurvez /ɛ̃.kyʁ.ve/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Further reading

• “incurver”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Latin

Verb

incurver

1. first-person singular present passive subjunctive of incurvō