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in

㏌ U+33CC, ㏌
SQUARE IN
← ㏋
[U+33CB]		 CJK Compatibility ㏍ →
[U+33CD]
See also: Appendix:Variations of "in"

Contents

EnglishEdit

 
A green pepper in a black rectangle.
 
A cat in a box.
  A user suggests that this English entry be cleaned up giving the reason: "missing senses, definitions need reworking".
Please see the discussion on Requests for cleanup(+) or the talk page for more information and remove this template after the problem has been dealt with.

PronunciationEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Middle English in, from Old English in, from Proto-Germanic *in (whence German in, Dutch in, Danish and Norwegian i), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én, whence also Latin in, Irish i, Welsh yn, Ancient Greek ἐν (en) (modern Greek εν (en)), Old Armenian ի (i), Old Church Slavonic въ(н) (vŭ(n)), Russian в (v), Old Prussian en, Lithuanian į.

PrepositionEdit

in

  1. Used to indicate location, inclusion, or position within spatial, temporal or other limits
    1. Contained by.
      The dog is in the kennel.
    2. Within.
    3. Surrounded by.
      We are in the enemy camp.   Her plane is in the air.
    4. Part of; a member of.
      One in a million.
    5. Pertaining to (that particular thing).
      He has passed in English.
    6. At the end of a period of time.
      They said they would call us in a week.
    7. Within a certain elapsed time
      Are you able to finish this in three hours?   The massacre resulted in over 1000 deaths in three hours.
    8. During (said of periods of time).
      in the first week of December;  Easter falls in the fourth lunar month;   The country reached a high level of prosperity in his first term.
  2. Into.
    • 2011 January 8, Paul Fletcher, “Stevenage 3-1 Newcastle”, in BBC:
      The ball was accidentally kicked in Kevin Nolan's face in the opening seconds of the contest - an incident that set the tone for an extremely uncomfortable encounter for the Premier League side.
    Less water gets in your boots this way.
  3. used to indicate limit, qualification, condition, or circumstance
    • 1898, J. Meade Falkner, Moonfleet Chapter 4
      In returning to the vault, I had no very sure purpose in mind; only a vague surmise that this finding of Blackbeard's coffin would somehow lead to the finding of his treasure.
    In replacing the faucet washers, he felt he was making his contribution to the environment.
    1. Indicating an order or arrangement.
      My fat rolls around in folds.
    2. Denoting a state of the subject.
      He stalked away in anger.   John is in a coma.
    3. Indicates, connotatively, a place-like form of someone's (or something's) personality, as his, her or its psychic and physical characteristics.
      You've got a friend in me.   He's met his match in her.
  4. used to indicate means, medium, format, genre, or instrumentality
    1. (of something offered or given in an exchange) In the form of, in the denomination of.
      Please pay me in cash — preferably in tens and twenties.
      The deposit can be in any legal tender, even in gold.
      Her generosity was rewarded in the success of its recipients.
      • 2014, Carla Bethmann, Clean, Friendly, Profitable?: Tourism, page 114:
        […] tourists sometimes attempt to pay in euros or British pounds.
    2. used to indicate medium, format, or genre
      1. Indicates a language, script, tone, etc. of a text, speech, etc.
        Beethoven's "Symphony No. 5" in C minor is among his most popular.   His speech was in French, but was simultaneously translated into eight languages.
      2. Indicates a language, script, tone, etc. of writing, speaking, etc.
        When you write in cursive, it's illegible.   He spoke in French, but his speech was simultaneously translated into eight languages.
HyponymsEdit
Derived termsEdit
Terms derived from in
Related termsEdit
Related terms
TranslationsEdit
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout#Translations.
Translations to be checked

VerbEdit

in (third-person singular simple present ins, present participle inning, simple past and past participle inned)

  1. (obsolete, transitive) To enclose.
  2. (obsolete, transitive) To take in; to harvest.
    • (Can we date this quote?) Shakespeare
      He that ears my land spares my team and gives me leave to in the crop.

Etymology 2Edit

From Old English inne.

AdverbEdit

in (not comparable)

  1. (not comparable) Located indoors, especially at home or the office, or inside something.
    Is Mr. Smith in?
  2. Moving to the interior of a defined space, such as a building or room.
    Suddenly a strange man walked in.
    • 1879, Richard Jefferies, The Amateur Poacher, chapterII:
      Orion hit a rabbit once; but though sore wounded it got to the bury, and, struggling in, the arrow caught the side of the hole and was drawn out. Indeed, a nail filed sharp is not of much avail as an arrowhead; you must have it barbed, and that was a little beyond our skill.
  3. (sports) Still eligible to play, e.g. able to bat in cricket and baseball.
    He went for the wild toss but wasn't able to stay in.
  4. (Britain) Abbreviation of in aid of.
    What's that in?
  5. After the beginning of something.
    • 2011 October 1, Phil Dawkes, “Sunderland 2-2 West Brom”, in BBC Sport:
      The Black Cats had a mountain to climb after James Morrison's header and Shane Long's neat side-foot finish gave Albion a 2-0 lead five minutes in.
TranslationsEdit
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout#Translations.
Translations to be checked

NounEdit

in (plural ins)

  1. A position of power or a way to get it.
    His parents got him an in with the company
  2. (sports) The state of a batter/batsman who is currently batting – see innings
  3. A re-entrant angle; a nook or corner.
AntonymsEdit
TranslationsEdit

AdjectiveEdit

in (comparative more in, superlative most in)

  1. In fashion; popular.
    Skirts are in this year.
  2. Incoming.
    the in train
  3. (nautical, of the sails of a vessel) Furled or stowed.
  4. (law) With privilege or possession; used to denote a holding, possession, or seisin.
    in by descent; in by purchase; in of the seisin of her husband
    (Can we find and add a quotation of Burrill to this entry?)
  5. (cricket) Currently batting.
TranslationsEdit

Etymology 3Edit

Abbreviation of inch.

NounEdit

in (plural ins)

  1. Inch.

StatisticsEdit

Most common English words before 1923 in Project Gutenberg: of · and · to · #5: in · I · that · was

ReferencesEdit

  • Andrea Tyler and Vyvyan Evans, "Bounded landmarks", in The Semantics of English Prepositions: Spatial Scenes, Embodied Meaning and Cognition, Cambridge University Press, 2003, 0-521-81430 8

AnagramsEdit

AfrikaansEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Dutch in.

AdverbEdit

in

  1. in; inside; within

PrepositionEdit

in

  1. in
  2. into

AyománEdit

NounEdit

in

  1. water

ReferencesEdit

  • Luis Oramas, Materiales para el estudio de los dialectos Ayamán, Gayón, Jirajara, Ajagua (1916)

BaureEdit

NounEdit

in

  1. water

ReferencesEdit

  • Swintha Danielsen, Baure: An Arawak Language of Bolivia

ChuukeseEdit

NounEdit

in

  1. mother

Classical NahuatlEdit

ArticleEdit

in

  1. the

PronounEdit

in, īn

  1. (demonstrative) this; these

Related termsEdit

Derived termsEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • Michel Launey; Christopher Mackay (2011) An Introduction to Classical Nahuatl, Amazon Kindle: Cambridge University Press, pages Loc 1408

DanishEdit

AdjectiveEdit

in (neuter in, plural and definite singular attributive in)

  1. (colloquial) fashionable, in

AntonymsEdit

DutchEdit

PronunciationEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Dutch in, from Proto-Germanic *in, from Proto-Indo-European *en.

AdverbEdit

in

  1. in, inside
  2. (postpositional) into
    De jongen rende het huis in.
    The boy ran into the house.

PrepositionEdit

in

  1. in; expressing containment.
    De geest in de fles
    the genie in the bottle

InflectionEdit

Pronominal adverbs of in
preposition in
postpositional adv. in
+ het (it) erin
+ dit (this) hierin
+ dat (that) daarin
+ wat (what) waarin
+ iets (something) ergens in
+ niets (nothing) nergens in
+ alles (everything) overal in

SynonymsEdit

AntonymsEdit

Derived termsEdit

Terms derived from in

AdjectiveEdit

in (used only predicatively, not comparable)

  1. in style

VerbEdit

in

  1. first-person singular present indicative of innen
  2. imperative of innen

FriulianEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Latin in.

PrepositionEdit

in

  1. in

GermanEdit

PronunciationEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Old High German in, from Proto-Germanic *in, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én.

PrepositionEdit

in

  1. (in + dative) in; within; at; contained by
    Es ist im Haus. ― It is in the house.
  2. (in + dative) pertaining to
  3. (in + accusative) into
    Er geht ins Haus. ― He goes into the house.
Usage notesEdit

The preposition in is used with accusative case if the verb shows movement from one place to another, whereas it is used with dative case if the verb shows location.

Derived termsEdit

Etymology 2Edit

Borrowing from English in.

AdjectiveEdit

in (not comparable)

  1. in, popular
DeclensionEdit
Declension of in
number & gender singular plural
masculine feminine neuter all genders
predicative er ist in sie ist in es ist in sie sind in
strong declension
(without article)		 nominative — — — —
genitive — — — —
dative — — — —
accusative — — — —
weak declension
(with definite article)		 nominative — — — —
genitive — — — —
dative — — — —
accusative — — — —
mixed declension
(with indefinite article)		 nominative — — — —
genitive — — — —
dative — — — —
accusative — — — —

GothicEdit

RomanizationEdit

in

  1. Romanization of 𐌹𐌽

InterlinguaEdit

PrepositionEdit

in

  1. in

IrishEdit

PrepositionEdit

in (plus dative, triggers eclipsis)

  1. Alternative form of i

Usage notesEdit

This variant of i is used before vowel-initial words, before bhur (“your pl”), before dhá (“two”), before titles of books, films, and the like, and before foreign words that resist mutation.

In older texts, the n is spelled together with a vowel-initial word (e.g. i n-aice le instead of modern in aice le (“beside”) and i nÉirinn or i n-Éirinn instead of modern in Éirinn (“in Ireland”). Also in older texts, in bhur may be spelled i nbhur.

IstriotEdit

PrepositionEdit

in

  1. in; on
    • 1877, Antonio Ive, Canti popolari istriani: raccolti a Rovigno, volume 5, Ermanno Loescher, page 99:
      Cume li va puleîto in alto mare!
      How they row well on the high seas!

ItalianEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Latin in.

PronunciationEdit

PrepositionEdit

in

  1. in
    Ho qualcosa in tasca. ― I have got something in my pocket.
    Partirò in primavera. ― I will be leaving in spring.
  2. to
    Sono andato in panetteria. ― I went to the bakery.
  3. into
  4. by
    Vado a scuola in autobus. ― I go to school by bus.
  5. on
    Ho messo un cappello in testa. ― I put a hat on my head.
    Metti il pane in tavola. ― Put the bread on the table.

Usage notesEdit

  • When followed by the definite article, in is combined with the article to produce the following combined forms:
in + article Combined form
in + il nel
in + lo nello
in + l' nell'
in + i nei
in + gli negli
in + la nella
in + le nelle

AnagramsEdit

JapaneseEdit

RomanizationEdit

in

  1. Rōmaji transcription of いん

LadinEdit

PrepositionEdit

in

  1. in

LatinEdit

Alternative formsEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Italic *en, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én (“in”). Cognates include Ancient Greek ἐν (en), Old Prussian en and Old English in (English in).

PronunciationEdit

PrepositionEdit

in

  1. (+ ablative) in, at, on (space)
    • 29 bc. Vergil. Georgics, III
      omne adeo genvs in terris hominvmqve ferarvmqve
      et genvs æqvorevm pecvdes pictæqve volvcres
      in fvrias ignemqve rvvnt
      So far does every species on earth of man and beast,
      whether the aquatic species, livestock, or painted-winged,
      collapse into the frenzies and the fire.
  2. (+ dative) within (time)
  3. (+ accusative) into, to
    • 29 bc. Vergil. Georgics, III
      omne adeo genvs in terris hominvmqve ferarvmqve
      et genvs æqvorevm pecvdes pictæqve volvcres
      in fvrias ignemqve rvvnt
      So far does every species on earth of man and beast,
      whether the aquatic species, livestock, or painted-winged,
      collapse into the frenzies and the fire.
    • 1774, Finnur Jónsson, Historia Ecclesiastica Islandiæ 1
      De introductione religionis Christianæ in Islandiam.
      On the introduction of Christianity to Iceland.
  4. (+ accusative) about
  5. (+ accusative) according to
  6. (+ accusative) against

AntonymnsEdit

Derived termsEdit

DescendantsEdit

  • Aromanian: ãn
  • Catalan: en
  • Dalmatian: en
  • Franco-Provençal: en
  • French: en
  • Friulian: in
  • Italian: in
  • Occitan: en
  • Portuguese: em
  • Romanian: în
  • Romansch: en
  • Sicilian: n
  • Spanish: en

QuotationsEdit

MapudungunEdit

EtymologyEdit

  This entry lacks etymological information. If you are familiar with the origin of this term, please add it to the page per etymology instructions. You can also discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.

PronunciationEdit

  This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

VerbEdit

in (using Raguileo Alphabet)

  1. To eat.
  2. First-person singular realis mood form of in.

See alsoEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • Wixaleyiñ: Mapucezugun-wigkazugun pici hemvlcijka (Wixaleyiñ: Small Mapudungun-Spanish dictionary), Beretta, Marta; Cañumil, Dario; Cañumil, Tulio, 2008.

Middle DutchEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Dutch in, from Proto-Germanic *in.

PronunciationEdit

PrepositionEdit

in [+accusative or dative]

  1. in, inside, within
  2. into
  3. within (a time period)
  4. in (a condition)

DescendantsEdit

  • Dutch: in

Further readingEdit

  • “in”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
  • “in (VI)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, 1929

Min NanEdit

trad. and simpl.
𪜶

PronunciationEdit

PronounEdit

in (POJ, traditional and simplified 𪜶)

  1. they
  2. their
  3. them

See alsoEdit

ReferencesEdit

Mohegan-PequotEdit

NounEdit

in

  1. man (adult male)

ReferencesEdit

  • A Vocabulary of Mohegan-Pequot (John D. Prince, Frank G. Speck)

Northern SamiEdit

NovialEdit

PrepositionEdit

in

  1. in

Old EnglishEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Germanic *in, whence also Old Saxon and Old High German in, Old Norse í. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én.

PronunciationEdit

PrepositionEdit

in

  1. in

DescendantsEdit

  • English: in

Old High GermanEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Germanic *in, whence also Old English in, Old Norse í. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én.

PrepositionEdit

in

  1. in

DescendantsEdit

  • German: in

Old IrishEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Proto-Celtic *sindos (“this”), from Proto-Indo-European *sḗm (“one”) or *só (“this”); weak doublet of sin (“this”).

ArticleEdit

in

  1. the (masculine singular nominative/accusative; feminine singular accusative; masculine/feminine/neuter dual nominative/accusative/genitive)
    • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 13d7
      Beóigidir in spirut in corp in ḟect so.
      "The spirit now quickens the body."
  2. Alternative spelling of ind
    • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 13d7
      Beóigidir in spirut in corp in ḟect so.
      "The spirit now quickens the body."
Usage notesEdit
  • Triggers nasalization of the following noun in the masculine and feminine singular accusative.
  • Triggers lenition of the following noun as an alternative spelling of ind.
DeclensionEdit
Case Singular Dual Plural
Masculine Feminine Neuter Masculine Feminine Neuter Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative in
int (before vowels)		 ind
int (before ṡ)		 a in dá in dí in dá ind inna
Accusative in inna
Genitive ind
int (before ṡ)		 inna ind
int (before ṡ)		 in dá
Dative dond; dont (before ṡ)
cossind; cossint (before ṡ)
etc.		 don dib
cossin dib
etc.		 donaib
cosnaib
etc.
Note: The dative is used only after a preposition, which forms a contraction with the definite article, e.g. dond (“to the”), cossind (“with the”), etc.
SynonymsEdit
  • int (masculine singular nominative, used before a vowel)
Derived termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
  • Irish: an
  • Scottish Gaelic: an
  • Manx: yn

Etymology 2Edit

ParticleEdit

in (triggers eclipsis)

  1. interrogative particle

VerbEdit

in (triggers eclipsis)

  1. (interrogative) is...?
Related termsEdit

Old SaxonEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Germanic *in, whence also Old High German in, Old English in, Old Norse í. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én.

PrepositionEdit

in

  1. in

Pennsylvania GermanEdit

PrepositionEdit

in

  1. in

PortugueseEdit

Etymology 1Edit

Borrowing from Latin in (“in”).

PrepositionEdit

in

  1. found in the given reference
Related termsEdit

Etymology 2Edit

Borrowing from English in.

AdjectiveEdit

in (plural in, comparable)

  1. in fashion
SynonymsEdit

RomanianEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Latin līnum (“flax”).

NounEdit

in n (plural inuri)

  1. flax

DeclensionEdit

declension of in
singular plural
indefinite articulation definite articulation indefinite articulation definite articulation
nominative/accusative (un) in inul (niște) inuri inurile
genitive/dative (unui) in inului (unor) inuri inurilor
vocative inule inurilor

Related termsEdit

RomanschEdit

Alternative formsEdit

  • (Sutsilvan, Surmiran) egn
  • (Puter, Vallader) ün

EtymologyEdit

From Latin ūnus.

ArticleEdit

in m (feminine ina)

  1. (cardinal, Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan) a, an

NumberEdit

in m (feminine ina)

  1. (cardinal, Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan) one

SloveneEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Slavic *i (from Proto-Indo-European *éy) and an emphasising particle *no.

PronunciationEdit

ConjunctionEdit

in

  1. and

SynonymsEdit

  • i (dialectal)

SwedishEdit

PronunciationEdit

AdverbEdit

in

  1. into, the direction "from out to in"

AntonymsEdit

See alsoEdit

TurkishEdit

NounEdit

in (definite accusative ini, plural inler)

  1. cave

DeclensionEdit

declension of in
singular (tekil) plural (çoğul)
nominative (yalın) in inler
definite accusative (belirtme) ini inleri
dative (yönelme) ine inlere
locative (bulunma) inde inlerde
ablative (ayrılma) inden inlerden
genitive (tamlayan) inin inlerin
possessive forms of in
benim (my) singular (tekil) plural (çoğul)
nominative (yalın) inim inlerim
definite accusative (belirtme) inimi inlerimi
dative (yönelme) inime inlerime
locative (bulunma) inimde inlerimde
ablative (çıkma) inimden inlerimden
genitive (tamlayan) inimin inlerimin
senin (your) singular (tekil) plural (çoğul)
nominative (yalın) inin inlerin
definite accusative (belirtme) inini inlerini
dative (yönelme) inine inlerine
locative (bulunma) ininde inlerinde
ablative (çıkma) ininden inlerinden
genitive (tamlayan) ininin inlerinin
onun (her/his/its) singular (tekil) plural (çoğul)
nominative (yalın) ini inleri
definite accusative (belirtme) inini inlerini
dative (yönelme) inine inlerine
locative (bulunma) ininde inlerinde
ablative (çıkma) ininden inlerinden
genitive (tamlayan) ininin inlerinin
bizim (our) singular (tekil) plural (çoğul)
nominative (yalın) inimiz inlerimiz
definite accusative (belirtme) inimizi inlerimizi
dative (yönelme) inimize inlerimize
locative (bulunma) inimizde inlerimizde
ablative (çıkma) inimizden inlerimizden
genitive (tamlayan) inimizin inlerimizin
sizin (your) singular (tekil) plural (çoğul)
nominative (yalın) ininiz inleriniz
definite accusative (belirtme) ininizi inlerinizi
dative (yönelme) ininize inlerinize
locative (bulunma) ininizde inlerinizde
ablative (çıkma) ininizden inlerinizden
genitive (tamlayan) ininizin inlerinizin
onların (their) singular (tekil) plural (çoğul)
nominative (yalın) inleri inleri
definite accusative (belirtme) inlerini inlerini
dative (yönelme) inlerine inlerine
locative (bulunma) inlerinde inlerinde
ablative (çıkma) inlerinden inlerinden
genitive (tamlayan) inlerinin inlerinin

VerbEdit

in

  1. second-person singular imperative of inmek

VietnameseEdit

EtymologyEdit

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 印 (“to print”; SV: ấn)

PronunciationEdit

VerbEdit

in

  1. to print

Derived termsEdit

VolapükEdit

PrepositionEdit

in

  1. in

WelshEdit

Alternative formsEdit

PronunciationEdit

PronounEdit

in

  1. (literary) first-person plural of i

West FrisianEdit

EtymologyEdit

Shortened from ien (“one”).

ArticleEdit

in

  1. a, an
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