in
|
TranslingualEdit
SymbolEdit
in
- (international standards, obsolete) Former ISO 639-1 language code for Indonesian.
- Synonym: id (current)
EnglishEdit
PronunciationEdit
- (stressed)
- (Received Pronunciation, General American, Canada, General Australian) enPR: ĭn, IPA(key): /ɪn/
- (New Zealand) IPA(key): /ɘn/
Audio (US) (file) Audio (AU) (file)
- (unstressed)
- (Received Pronunciation) enPR: ĭn, IPA(key): /ɪn/
- (General American, Canada, General Australian) enPR: ən, IPA(key): /ən/
- (New Zealand) IPA(key): /ɘn/
- Rhymes: -ɪn
- Homophone: inn
Etymology 1Edit
PIE word |
---|
*h₁en |
Preposition and verb from Middle English in, from Old English in, from Proto-Germanic *in.
Adverb, noun and adjective from Middle English in, from Old English inn and inne, from Proto-Germanic *innai.
Alternative formsEdit
- i' (colloquial, poetic)
PrepositionEdit
in
- Used to indicate location, inclusion, or position within spatial, temporal or other limits.
- Contained by.
- The dog is in the kennel.
- There were three pickles in a jar.
- Within the bounds or limits of.
- I like living in the city.
- There are lots of trees in the park.
- 2013 August 3, “Boundary problems”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8847:
- GDP measures the total value of output in an economic territory.
- Surrounded by; among; amidst.
- We are in the enemy camp.
- Her plane is in the air.
- Waiter! There's a fly in my soup!
- Wearing (an item of clothing).
- I glanced over at the pretty girl in the red dress.
- Part of; a member of; out of; from among.
- You are one in a million.
- She's in an orchestra.
- During (a period of time).
- My birthday is in the first week of December.
- Easter falls in the fourth lunar month.
- The country reached a high level of prosperity in his first term.
- Within (a certain elapsed time); by the end of.
- Will you be able to finish this in a week?
- The massacre resulted in over 1000 deaths in three hours.
- At the end of (a period of time).
- They said they would call us in a week.
- (grammar, phonetics) Characterized by.
- Many English nouns in -is form their plurals in -es.
- Contained by.
- Into.
- 2011 January 8, Paul Fletcher, “Stevenage 3-1 Newcastle”, in BBC:
- The ball was accidentally kicked in Kevin Nolan's face in the opening seconds of the contest – an incident that set the tone for an extremely uncomfortable encounter for the Premier League side.
- Less water gets in your boots this way.
- She stood there looking in the window longingly.
- Used to indicate limit, qualification, condition, or circumstance.
- 1898, J. Meade Falkner, chapter 4, in Moonfleet, London; Toronto, Ont.: Jonathan Cape, published 1934:
- In returning to the vault, I had no very sure purpose in mind; only a vague surmise that this finding of Blackbeard's coffin would somehow lead to the finding of his treasure.
- In replacing the faucet washers, he felt he was making his contribution to the environment.
- Indicating an order or arrangement.
- My fat rolls around in folds.
- Denoting a state of the subject.
- He stalked away in anger.
- John is in a coma.
- Indicates, connotatively, a place-like form of someone's (or something's) personality, as his, her or its psychic and physical characteristics.
- You've got a friend in me.
- He's met his match in her.
- Pertaining to; with regard to.
- There has been no change in his condition.
- What grade did he get in English?
- Used to indicate means, medium, format, genre, or instrumentality.
- (of something offered or given in an exchange) In the form of, in the denomination of.
- Please pay me in cash — preferably in tens and twenties.
- The deposit can be in any legal tender, even in gold.
- Her generosity was rewarded in the success of its recipients.
- 2014, Carla Bethmann, Clean, Friendly, Profitable?: Tourism, page 114:
- […] tourists sometimes attempt to pay in euros or British pounds.
- Used to indicate a language, script, tone, etc. of a text, speech, etc.
- Beethoven's "Symphony No. 5" in C minor is among his most popular.
- His speech was in French, but was simultaneously translated into eight languages.
- When you write in cursive, it's illegible.
- Military letters should be formal in tone, but not stilted.
- (of something offered or given in an exchange) In the form of, in the denomination of.
HyponymsEdit
Derived termsEdit
Related termsEdit
TranslationsEdit
VerbEdit
in (third-person singular simple present ins, present participle inning, simple past and past participle inned)
- (obsolete, transitive) To enclose.
- (obsolete, transitive) To take in; to harvest.
- c. 1604–1605 (date written), William Shakespeare, “All’s VVell, that Ends VVell”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iii]:
- He that ears my land spares my team and gives me leave to in the crop.
AdverbEdit
in (not comparable)
- At or towards the interior of a defined space, such as a building or room.
- Suddenly a strange man walked in.
- Would you like that to take away or eat in?
- He ran to the edge of the swimming pool and dived in.
- 1879, R[ichard] J[efferies], chapter II, in The Amateur Poacher, London: Smith, Elder, & Co., […], →OCLC:
- Orion hit a rabbit once; but though sore wounded it got to the bury, and, struggling in, the arrow caught the side of the hole and was drawn out. Indeed, a nail filed sharp is not of much avail as an arrowhead; you must have it barbed, and that was a little beyond our skill.
- Towards the speaker or other reference point.
- They flew in from London last night.
- For six hours the tide flows in, then for another six hours it flows out.
- So as to be enclosed or surrounded by something.
- Bring the water to the boil and drop the vegetables in.
- After the beginning of something.
- 2011 October 1, Phil Dawkes, “Sunderland 2-2 West Brom”, in BBC Sport[1]:
- The Black Cats had a mountain to climb after James Morrison's header and Shane Long's neat side-foot finish gave Albion a 2-0 lead five minutes in.
- The show still didn't become interesting 20 minutes in.
- (in combination, after a verb) Denotes a gathering of people assembled for the stated activity, sometimes, though not always, suggesting a protest.
TranslationsEdit
NounEdit
in (plural ins)
- A position of power or influence, or a way to get it.
- His parents got him an in with the company.
- (chiefly in the plural) One who, or that which, is in; especially, one who is in office.
- Antonym: out
- 1827, Benjamin Chew, A Sketch of the Politics, Relations, and Statistics, of the Western World (page 192)
- This memoir has nothing to do with the question between the ins and the outs; it is intended neither to support nor to assail the administration; it is general in its views upon a general and national subject; […]
- (sports) The state of a batter/batsman who is currently batting; see innings.
- A re-entrant angle; a nook or corner.
AntonymsEdit
TranslationsEdit
AdjectiveEdit
in (comparative more in, superlative most in)
- (not comparable) Located indoors, especially at home or at one's office or place of work.
- Is Mr. Smith in?
- (not comparable) Located inside something.
- Little by little I pushed the snake into the basket, until finally all of it was in.
- (sports, of the ball or other playing implement) Falling or remaining within the bounds of the playing area.
- If the tennis ball bounces on the line then it's in.
- Inserted or fitted into something.
- I've discovered why the TV wasn't working – the plug wasn't in!
- Having been collected or received.
- The replies to the questionnaires are now all in.
- In fashion; popular.
- Skirts are in this year.
- Incoming.
- the in train
- (nautical, of the sails of a vessel) Furled or stowed.
- Of the tide, at or near its highest level.
- You can't get round the headland when the tide's in.
- (law) With privilege or possession; used to denote a holding, possession, or seisin[1]
- in by descent; in by purchase; in of the seisin of her husband
- (cricket) Currently batting.
- Having familiarity or involvement with somebody.
- 2010, Joe R. Lansdale, Flaming Zeppelins: The Adventures of Ned the Seal, page 123:
- “ […] He […] took a rifle out of the batch and shot at me. I was lucky he was such a crummy shot.”
“Why would he do that?”
“I think he's in with them, Doctor.”
“Them? You mean Ned and Cody?”
“All of them. Hickok, the split tail, the whole lot.”
- He is very in with the Joneses.
- (informal) Having a favourable position, such as a position of influence or expected gain, in relation to another person.
- I think that bird fancies you. You're in there, mate!
- 2004, The Streets (lyrics and music), “Could Well Be In”:
- I saw this thing on ITV the other week,
Said, that if she played with her hair, she's probably keen
She's playing with her hair, well regularly,
So I reckon I could well be in.
- (of fire or fuel) (Britain, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand) Burning; ablaze.
- 1888, H.C.O’Neill,Edith A. Barnett, Our Nurses and the Work They Have to Do[2], page 81:
- Blocks of compressed coal keep the fire in for a long time, but they give out very little heat.
- 1894, Henry Kingsley, The Recollections of Geoffry Hamlyn - Volume 2[3], page 183:
- “At all events,” said the Doctor, “the fire’s in, and here’s the camp-oven, too. Somebody will be here soon. I will go in and light my pipe.”
- 1901, William Francis Barry, The Wizard’s Knot[4], page 231:
- Was there any person in your own house at Renmore to keep the fire in while you were here?.
- 2011, Rosemary Sutcliff, The Eagle of the Ninth Chronicles[5]:
- Normally when they camped in the wild they took turns to sit up and keep the fire in while the others slept, […].
- 2019, A.L.Lester, Shadows on the Border[6]:
- He turned and started making up the range to keep the fire in overnight, and heard the front door click and Grant’s motor fire up. Sleep. He needed to sleep.
TranslationsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
Alternative formsEdit
NounEdit
in (plural ins or in)
- Abbreviation of inch; inches.
ReferencesEdit
- ^ 1859, Alexander Mansfield, Law Dictionary
- Andrea Tyler and Vyvyan Evans, "Bounded landmarks", in The Semantics of English Prepositions: Spatial Scenes, Embodied Meaning and Cognition, Cambridge University Press, 2003, 0-521-81430 8
AnagramsEdit
AbinomnEdit
PronounEdit
in
AfrikaansEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Dutch in, from Middle Dutch in, from Old Dutch in, from Proto-Germanic *in.
PronunciationEdit
AdverbEdit
in
PrepositionEdit
in
Derived termsEdit
AkkadianEdit
PronunciationEdit
- (Old Babylonian) IPA(key): /in/
PrepositionEdit
in
- Alternative form of ina (“in, on, at”)
AyománEdit
NounEdit
in
ReferencesEdit
- Luis Oramas, Materiales para el estudio de los dialectos Ayamán, Gayón, Jirajara, Ajagua (1916)
BaureEdit
NounEdit
in
ReferencesEdit
- Swintha Danielsen, Baure: An Arawak Language of Bolivia
Central NahuatlEdit
ArticleEdit
in
- the.
ChamorroEdit
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
in
- we (exclusive)
Usage notesEdit
- in is used solely as a subject of a transitive verb, while ham is used either as a subject of an intransitive verb or an object of a transitive verb.
See alsoEdit
hu-type pronouns | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | plural inclusive | plural exclusive | |
1st person | hu | ta | in |
2nd person | un | en | |
3rd person | ha | ma | |
yoʼ-type pronouns | |||
singular | plural inclusive | plural exclusive | |
1st person | yoʼ | hit | ham |
2nd person | hao | hamyo | |
3rd person | gueʼ | siha | |
emphatic pronouns | |||
singular | plural inclusive | plural exclusive | |
1st person | guahu | hita | hami |
2nd person | hagu | hamyo | |
3rd person | guiya | siha |
ReferencesEdit
- Donald M. Topping (1973) Chamorro Reference Grammar[7], Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
ChineseEdit
Etymology 1Edit
For pronunciation and definitions of in – see 𪜶 (“they; them; their; theirs; etc.”). (This character, in, is the Pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 𪜶.) |
Etymology 2Edit
PronunciationEdit
AdjectiveEdit
in
AntonymsEdit
- out (au1)
Etymology 3Edit
From clipping of English interview.
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
in
Etymology 4Edit
From clipping of English integrate.
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
in
Related termsEdit
- d (di1, “to differentiate”)
ReferencesEdit
ChuukeseEdit
NounEdit
in
CimbrianEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Middle High German in, from Old High German in, from Proto-Germanic *in (“in”).
PrepositionEdit
in
- (Luserna, Sette Comuni, + dative) in
Alternative formsEdit
- inn (Sette Comuni)
Etymology 2Edit
From Middle High German in, from Old High German inan, from Proto-Germanic *inǭ.
PronounEdit
in
- (Sette Comuni) accusative of èar: him
Alternative formsEdit
See alsoEdit
nominative | accusative | dative | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
1st person singular | ich | mich | miar | |
2nd person singular | familiar | du | dich | diar |
polite | iart | ach | òich | |
3rd person singular | m | èar, ar | in, en | iime |
f | zi, ze | iar | ||
n | es, is | es, 's | iime | |
1st person plural | bar, bandare |
zich | izàndarn | |
2nd person plural | iart, iartàndare, artàndare |
òich, ach | ogàndarn | |
3rd person plural | ze, zòi, zandare |
zich | innàndarn |
Etymology 3Edit
ArticleEdit
in
- (Sette Comuni, Luserna) the; definite article for two declensions:
- accusative singular masculine
- dative plural
Derived termsEdit
- von (contraction)
See alsoEdit
Cimbrian definite articles | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Plural | |
Nominative | dar | de / di | 's / z | de / di |
Accusative | in | de / di | 's / z | de / di |
Dative | me | dar | me | in |
ReferencesEdit
- “in” in Martalar, Umberto Martello; Bellotto, Alfonso (1974) Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo
- Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Luserna / Lusérn: Le nostre parole / Ünsarne börtar / Unsere Wörter [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle isole linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien
Classical NahuatlEdit
ArticleEdit
in
PronounEdit
in, īn
Derived termsEdit
Related termsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- Michel Launey; Christopher Mackay (2011) An Introduction to Classical Nahuatl, Amazon Kindle: Cambridge University Press, pages Loc 1408
DanishEdit
AdjectiveEdit
in (neuter in, plural and definite singular attributive in)
AntonymsEdit
DutchEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Middle Dutch in, from Old Dutch in, from Proto-Germanic *in.
PronunciationEdit
AdverbEdit
in
PrepositionEdit
in
- in (expressing containment)
- De geest in de fles
- the genie in the bottle
InflectionEdit
SynonymsEdit
AntonymsEdit
Derived termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
AdjectiveEdit
in (used only predicatively, not comparable)
VerbEdit
in
EmilianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Latin inde (“thence”). Cognate with Catalan en, French en, Italian ne.
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
in (adverbial)
- (genitive case) of it, of them
- Vô-t di pām? A t’in dāg dû.
- Do you want some apples? I will give you two (of them).
- (genitive case) about it, about them
- A t’in avîva descòurs ajêr.
- I talked to you about it yesterday.
- (ablative case) from here
- A sòun stùf, a m’in vāg.
- I am tired, I am leaving (from here).
Alternative formsEdit
- Becomes n- before a vowel (proclitic).
- A-g n-ò dimándi. ― I have a lot (of them).
- Becomes -en when acting as an enclitic (after a consonant).
- Mānjen un pōk! ― Eat some of it! (imperative, singular)
- Becomes -n when acting as an enclitic (after a vowel).
- Manjēn un pōk! ― Eat some of it! (imperative, plural)
FinnishEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
AdjectiveEdit
in
- (colloquial) in, popular (in fashion)
- 1985, Jukka Karjalainen (lyrics and music), “Mikä mahtaa olla in?”, in Doris, performed by J. Karjalainen ja mustat lasit:
- Tee niin, tee näin, olet in, in, in,
Olet keskipiste koko kaupungin- Do this, do that, [and] you will be in, in, in,
You will be the centre of the whole city
- Do this, do that, [and] you will be in, in, in,
- 1991, Juha Vainio (lyrics), “Oot maalainen”, in Viiskymppisen viisut, performed by Juha Vainio:
- Kuiskaan silloin hiljaa: «mie viljele en viljaa;
oon vihdoin in»!- So I quietly whisper: "I don't grow no crops;
I'm finally in"!
- So I quietly whisper: "I don't grow no crops;
AntonymsEdit
AnagramsEdit
FriulianEdit
EtymologyEdit
PrepositionEdit
in
GermanEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Old High German in, from Proto-Germanic *in.
PrepositionEdit
in
- (with dative) in, inside, within, at (inside a building)
- Es ist in dem Haus. ― It is in the house.
- Ich habe die Schlüssel im (in dem) Kühlschrank gefunden. ― I found the keys in the refrigerator.
- Unsere Kinder sind in der Schule. ― Our kids are at school.
- Er ist in einem Café. ― He is at a coffee shop.
- Letzte Nacht waren sie im (in dem) Club. ― They were at the club last night.
- (with dative) in (pertaining to)
- in diesem Sinne ― in this/that sense
- (with dative) in, at, by (at the end of or during a period of time)
- Er schloss sein Studium im Alter von vierzehn. ― He completed his studies at/by the age of fourteen.
- im Alter ― in old age
- im Mittelalter ― during the middle ages
- in den 1960er Jahren ― in the 1960s
- (with accusative) into, to (going inside (of))
- Er geht ins Haus. ― He goes into the house.
- Wir gehen in die Schweiz. ― We are going to Switzerland.
- Wir treten in ein neues Zeitalter ein. ― We are coming into a new age.
Usage notesEdit
The preposition in is used with the accusative case if the verb shows movement from one place to another, whereas it is used with the dative case if the verb shows location.
Derived termsEdit
- (in + dem) im m or n
- (in + das) ins n
- in der Zwickmühle stecken
Etymology 2Edit
ContractionEdit
in
Etymology 3Edit
AdjectiveEdit
in (indeclinable, predicative only)
DeclensionEdit
Indeclinable, predicative-only.
Further readingEdit
- “in” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
- Friedrich Kluge (1883), “in”, in , John Francis Davis, transl., Etymological Dictionary of the German Language, published 1891
GothicEdit
RomanizationEdit
in
- Romanization of 𐌹𐌽
InterlinguaEdit
PrepositionEdit
in
IrishEdit
PrepositionEdit
in (plus dative, triggers eclipsis)
- Alternative form of i
Usage notesEdit
This variant of i is used before vowel-initial words, before bhur (“your pl”), before dhá (“two”), before titles of books, films, and the like, and before foreign words that resist mutation.
In older texts, the n is spelled together with a vowel-initial word (e.g. i n-aice le instead of modern in aice le (“beside”) and i nÉirinn or i n-Éirinn instead of modern in Éirinn (“in Ireland”). Also in older texts, in bhur may be spelled i nbhur.
IstriotEdit
EtymologyEdit
PrepositionEdit
in
ItalianEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
PrepositionEdit
in
- in
- Ho qualcosa in tasca. ― I have something in my pocket.
- Partirò in primavera. ― I will be leaving in spring.
- Vado in quinta elementare. ― I'm in fifth grade.
- to
- Sono andato in panetteria. ― I went to the bakery.
- into
- by
- Vado a scuola in autobus. ― I go to school by bus.
- on
- Ho messo un cappello in testa. ― I put a hat on my head.
- Metti il pane in tavola. ― Put the bread on the table.
- marker of way or manner
- riso in bianco ― plain rice (literally, “rice in white”)
- camminare in punta di piedi ― to walk on the tips of one's toes
Usage notesEdit
- When followed by the definite article, in is combined with the article to produce the following combined forms:
in + article Combined form in + il nel in + lo nello in + l' nell' in + i nei in + gli negli in + la nella in + le nelle
AnagramsEdit
JapaneseEdit
RomanizationEdit
in
LadinEdit
PrepositionEdit
in
LatinEdit
Alternative formsEdit
- en, endo, indu (ante-classical)
EtymologyEdit
From earlier en, from Proto-Italic *en, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én (“in”). Cognate with English in.
PronunciationEdit
PrepositionEdit
in (+ ablative), in (+ accusative)
- (+ ablative) in, at, on, upon, from (space)
- 29 bc. Vergil. Georgics, III
- omne adeo genvs in terris hominvmqve ferarvmqve
et genvs æqvorevm pecvdes pictæqve volvcres
in fvrias ignemqve rvvnt- So far does every species on earth of man and beast,
whether the aquatic species, livestock, or painted-winged,
collapse into the frenzies and the fire.
- So far does every species on earth of man and beast,
- omne adeo genvs in terris hominvmqve ferarvmqve
- Seneca
- venenum in auro bibitur
- Poison is drunk from a gold cup.
- venenum in auro bibitur
- 29 bc. Vergil. Georgics, III
- (+ ablative) under, within, in
- (+ ablative) during, within, while in (time)
- (+ accusative) into, to
- 29 bc. Vergil. Georgics, III
- omne adeo genvs in terris hominvmqve ferarvmqve
et genvs æqvorevm pecvdes pictæqve volvcres
in fvrias ignemqve rvvnt- So far does every species on earth of man and beast,
whether the aquatic species, livestock, or painted-winged,
collapse into the frenzies and the fire.
- So far does every species on earth of man and beast,
- omne adeo genvs in terris hominvmqve ferarvmqve
- 1774, Finnur Jónsson, Historia Ecclesiastica Islandiæ 1:
- De introductione religionis Christianæ in Islandiam.
- On the introduction of Christianity to Iceland.
- De introductione religionis Christianæ in Islandiam.
- 29 bc. Vergil. Georgics, III
- (+ accusative) toward, towards, against, at
- Gallī in Rōmānōs incurrunt. ― The Gauls are rushing against the Romans.
- Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita I, 12:
- (+ accusative) until, for
- (+ accusative) about
- (+ accusative) according to
- Caesar, de Bello Gallico VII, 19:
- Generatimque distributi in civitates
- and being distributed in tribes according to their respective nations
- Generatimque distributi in civitates
QuotationsEdit
- For quotations using this term, see Citations:in.
AntonymsEdit
Derived termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
- Balkan Romance:
- Dalmatian:
- Italo-Romance:
- Padanian:
- Northern Gallo-Romance:
- Southern Gallo-Romance:
- Ibero-Romance:
- Insular Romance:
- Sardinian: in
LigurianEdit
Etymology 1Edit
PronunciationEdit
PrepositionEdit
in
SynonymsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
With iotacism, from un (“a, an”, indefinite article).
PronunciationEdit
ArticleEdit
in
Usage notesEdit
- This form is found:
- in sentence-initial position, or after a punctuation mark
- after words ending in /ŋ/
LombardEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
PrepositionEdit
in
Usage notesEdit
- When followed by a definite or indefinite article, it's replaced by ind.
Louisiana CreoleEdit
PronunciationEdit
ArticleEdit
in
- Alternative form of un
MapudungunEdit
EtymologyEdit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
in (Raguileo spelling)
- To eat.
- first-person singular realis form of in
See alsoEdit
ReferencesEdit
- Wixaleyiñ: Mapucezugun-wigkazugun pici hemvlcijka (Wixaleyiñ: Small Mapudungun-Spanish dictionary), Beretta, Marta; Cañumil, Dario; Cañumil, Tulio, 2008.
MarshalleseEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
PrepositionEdit
in
Etymology 2Edit
NounEdit
in
SynonymsEdit
Etymology 3Edit
From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)ni, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)ni.
PronounEdit
in
- this (thing close to us both)
- demonstrative, first person inclusive singular
Etymology 4Edit
Alternative formsEdit
PrepositionEdit
in
ReferencesEdit
Middle DutchEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Old Dutch in, from Proto-Germanic *in.
PrepositionEdit
in [+accusative or dative]
DescendantsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
ContractionEdit
in
Further readingEdit
- “in”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929), “in (VI)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page VI
Middle EnglishEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Old English inn.
Alternative formsEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
in (plural innes)
- Any kind of accommodation; particularly:
- A home or house; habitation or housing one lives in.
- A dormitory; housing for students.
DescendantsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- “in, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-05-02.
Etymology 2Edit
From Old English in, from Proto-Germanic *in.
Alternative formsEdit
PronunciationEdit
PrepositionEdit
in
- in; with the following special senses:
- in, inside; encircled or confined by, with the following special senses:
- wearing, having on, clad in
- in a quality or mode: with the following special senses:
- inside, at or on a location or place.
- secured with; bound with
- in the midst of, while, currently doing
- in (pieces or portions), into.
- about; of, on the matter of.
- in the form, way, or manner of.
- on, above, on top of.
- facing at, in the direction of.
- Being one of a set or group.
- Being owned by; in one's possession.
- due to, as, for the reason that.
- versus; in conflict with; fighting with.
- using, utilising, with the means of.
- (rare) with, in the company of.
Usage notesEdit
in is usually postpositive in Middle English. For example, the previous sentence would be in is after þe noun lome Middel Englisch in.
Related termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- “in, prep.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-05-03.
Etymology 3Edit
From Old English inne, from Proto-Germanic *inna.
Alternative formsEdit
PronunciationEdit
AdverbEdit
in
- in; with the following special senses:
- in towards, in the direction of.
- on, on top of; above
- using, utilising, with the means of.
DescendantsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- “in, adv.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-05-03.
Etymology 4Edit
PronounEdit
in
- Alternative form of hine
Min NanEdit
For pronunciation and definitions of in – see 𪜶 (“they; them; their; theirs; etc.”). (This character, in, is the Pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 𪜶.) |
Mohegan-PequotEdit
NounEdit
in
- man (adult male)
ReferencesEdit
- A Vocabulary of Mohegan-Pequot (John D. Prince, Frank G. Speck)
Northern SamiEdit
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
in
Norwegian BokmålEdit
Alternative formsEdit
- inn (adjective)
EtymologyEdit
AdjectiveEdit
in (singular and plural in)
ReferencesEdit
- “in” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
AnagramsEdit
Norwegian NynorskEdit
Alternative formsEdit
- inn (adjective)
EtymologyEdit
AdjectiveEdit
in (singular and plural in)
ReferencesEdit
- “in” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
AnagramsEdit
Old EnglishEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Proto-Germanic *in.
PronunciationEdit
PrepositionEdit
in (Anglian)
Usage notesEdit
In the West Saxon dialect, this word was replaced by on during the separate prehistory of Old English. However, it was still used as a prefix to form many words such as ingang (“entrance”), inġewinn (“civil war”), inġeþanc (“inner thoughts”), inlendisċ (“native”), intinga (“cause”), and inweorc (“indoor work”), and it was still implied by derived adverbs such as inne (“inside”), innan (“from the inside”), and inn (“in,” adverb).
DescendantsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
From Proto-Germanic *inn.
AdverbEdit
in
- Alternative form of inn
Old High GermanEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Germanic *in.
PrepositionEdit
in
DescendantsEdit
Old IrishEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Proto-Celtic *sindos (“this”), from Proto-Indo-European *sḗm (“one”) or *só (“this”); weak doublet of sin (“this”).
ArticleEdit
in
- the (masculine singular nominative/accusative; feminine singular accusative; masculine/feminine/neuter dual nominative/accusative/genitive)
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 13d7
- Beóigidir in spirut in corp in ḟect so.
- "The spirit now quickens the body."
- Beóigidir in spirut in corp in ḟect so.
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 13d7
- Alternative spelling of ind
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 13d7
- Beóigidir in spirut in corp in ḟect so.
- "The spirit now quickens the body."
- Beóigidir in spirut in corp in ḟect so.
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 13d7
Usage notesEdit
- Triggers nasalization of the following noun in the masculine and feminine singular accusative.
- Triggers lenition of the following noun as an alternative spelling of ind.
DeclensionEdit
Case | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |
Nominative | in int (before vowels) |
ind int (before ṡ) |
a | in dá | in dí | in dá | ind | inna | |
Accusative | in | inna | |||||||
Genitive | ind int (before ṡ) |
inna | ind int (before ṡ) |
in dá | |||||
Dative | dond; dont (before ṡ) cossind; cossint (before ṡ) etc. |
don dib cossin dib etc. |
donaib cosnaib etc. | ||||||
Note: The dative is used only after a preposition, which forms a contraction with the definite article, e.g. dond (“to the”), cossind (“with the”), etc. |
SynonymsEdit
- int (masculine singular nominative, used before a vowel)
Derived termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
ParticleEdit
in (triggers eclipsis)
- interrogative particle forming yes-no questions
Derived termsEdit
VerbEdit
in (triggers eclipsis)
- third-person singular present indicative interrogative of is: is...?
Etymology 3Edit
PrepositionEdit
in
Etymology 4Edit
Probably originally the masculine/neuter dative singular of the definite article (see Etymology 1); compare Middle Welsh and Welsh yn.[1]
ParticleEdit
in
- Used with the masculine/neuter dative singular of an adjective to form the corresponding adverb: -ly
- c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 30a3
- Amal nád n-airigther ⁊ nád fintar a ndu·gníther hi suidi, sic ba in ḟortgidiu ⁊ ba hi temul du·gníth Saul cona muntair intleda ⁊ erelca fri Dauid.
- As what is done in this is not perceived and discovered, so it was covertly and it was in darkness that Saul with his people was making snares and ambushes against David.
- c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 30a3
ReferencesEdit
- ^ Thurneysen, Rudolf (1940, reprinted 2003), D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, § 379, pages 238–39
Old NorseEdit
ArticleEdit
in
- inflection of inn:
Old SaxonEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Germanic *in.
PrepositionEdit
in
Pennsylvania GermanEdit
PrepositionEdit
in
PortugueseEdit
Etymology 1Edit
Borrowed from Latin in (“in”). Doublet of em.
PrepositionEdit
in
- found in the given reference
Related termsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
Unadapted borrowing from English in.
AdjectiveEdit
in (invariable)
RomagnolEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
- (Ville Unite):
PrepositionEdit
in
ReferencesEdit
Masotti, Adelmo (1999) Vocabolario Romagnolo Italiano (in Italian), Zanichelli
RomanianEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
in n (plural inuri)
DeclensionEdit
Related termsEdit
RomanschEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
ArticleEdit
in m (feminine ina)
NumberEdit
in m (feminine ina)
SardinianEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
PrepositionEdit
in
SassareseEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Latin in, from earlier en, from Proto-Italic *en, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én (“in”).
PronunciationEdit
PrepositionEdit
in
- in
- Soggu in sigunda erementari ― I'm in second grade
- Canti seddi in crassi tóia? ― How many are you in your class?
- Paràuri ischritti in rùiu ― Words written in red
- Fabeddàbani in sassaresu ― They were speaking (in) Sassarese
- 1866, Luigi Luciano Bonaparte, “Cap. Ⅲ [Chapter 3]”, in Il Vangelo di S. Matteo volgarizzato in dialetto sardo sassarese[8], London, page 7:
- In chissi dì poi vinisi Giuanni Battilta pridigghendi in lu diseltu di la Giudea
- In those days, then came John the Baptist, preaching in the desert of Judaea
- 1989, Giovanni Maria Cherchi, “Puisia [Poetry]”, in La poesia di l'althri, Sassari: Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, page 19:
- E s’ammenta di nommi immintigaddi,
un basgiu dazi a facci risurani,
chi più no li vidia che in sonni fei- And she remembers forgotten names, gives a kiss to smiling faces she would only see again in nightmares
- (literally, “And she remembers herself of forgotten names, a kiss gives to laughing faces, which she didn't see anymore except in bad dreams”)
ReferencesEdit
- Rubattu, Antoninu (2006) Dizionario universale della lingua di Sardegna, 2nd edition, Sassari: Edes
Saterland FrisianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old Frisian in, from Proto-West Germanic *in. Cognates include West Frisian yn and German in.
PronunciationEdit
PrepositionEdit
in (neuter or distal adverb deerin, proximal adverb hierin, interrogative adverb wierin)
Related termsEdit
ReferencesEdit
Serbo-CroatianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Slavic *jьnъ.
AdjectiveEdit
in (Cyrillic spelling ин)
DeclensionEdit
singular | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | in | ina | ino | |
genitive | ina | ine | ina | |
dative | inu | inoj | inu | |
accusative | inanimate animate |
in ina |
inu | ino |
vocative | in | ina | ino | |
locative | inu | inoj | inu | |
instrumental | inim | inom | inim | |
plural | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
nominative | ini | ine | ina | |
genitive | inih | inih | inih | |
dative | inim(a) | inim(a) | inim(a) | |
accusative | ine | ine | ina | |
vocative | ini | ine | ina | |
locative | inim(a) | inim(a) | inim(a) | |
instrumental | inim(a) | inim(a) | inim(a) |
singular | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | ini | ina | ino | |
genitive | inog(a) | ine | inog(a) | |
dative | inom(u/e) | inoj | inom(u/e) | |
accusative | inanimate animate |
ini inog(a) |
inu | ino |
vocative | ini | ina | ino | |
locative | inom(e/u) | inoj | inom(e/u) | |
instrumental | inim | inom | inim | |
plural | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
nominative | ini | ine | ina | |
genitive | inih | inih | inih | |
dative | inim(a) | inim(a) | inim(a) | |
accusative | ine | ine | ina | |
vocative | ini | ine | ina | |
locative | inim(a) | inim(a) | inim(a) | |
instrumental | inim(a) | inim(a) | inim(a) |
SynonymsEdit
Related termsEdit
ReferencesEdit
Budmani, Pero (1887-1891), "Rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika" Volume III, p. 827
SloveneEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Slavic *i.
PronunciationEdit
ConjunctionEdit
in
SynonymsEdit
- i (dialectal)
SumerianEdit
RomanizationEdit
in
- Romanization of 𒅔 (in)
SwedishEdit
PronunciationEdit
AdverbEdit
in
- into, to in
- Antonym: ut (“to out”)
- Han gick in ― He walked in ("to in")
- Han gick inne ― He was walking around inside (for comparison)
- De går in ― They're walking in ("to in")
- Han gick in i rummet ― He walked into the room
- Han är inne i rummet ― He is in the room
See alsoEdit
AnagramsEdit
TurkishEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Ottoman Turkish این (in), from Proto-Turkic *in (“lair, burrow”). Cognate with Kazakh ін (ın).
NounEdit
in (definite accusative ini, plural inler)
DeclensionEdit
Inflection | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Nominative | in | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Definite accusative | ini | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Singular | Plural | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Nominative | in | inler | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Definite accusative | ini | inleri | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dative | ine | inlere | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Locative | inde | inlerde | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ablative | inden | inlerden | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Genitive | inin | inlerin | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
ReferencesEdit
- Redhouse, James W. (1890), “این”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 308
Etymology 2Edit
VerbEdit
in
VietnameseEdit
PronunciationEdit
- (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [ʔin˧˧]
- (Huế) IPA(key): [ʔin˧˧]
- (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA(key): [ʔɨn˧˧]
Audio (Hồ Chí Minh City) (file)
Etymology 1Edit
Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 印 (“to print”, SV: ấn).
VerbEdit
in
- to print
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
AdjectiveEdit
in
Derived termsEdit
AnagramsEdit
VolapükEdit
PrepositionEdit
in
WelshEdit
Alternative formsEdit
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
in
- (literary) first-person plural of i
West FrisianEdit
EtymologyEdit
Shortened from ien (“one”).
PronunciationEdit
DeterminerEdit
in
Further readingEdit
- “in (I)”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011
YolaEdit
PrepositionEdit
in
- Alternative form of i (“in”)
- 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3:
- At by mizluck was ee-pit t'drive in.
- Who by misluck was placed to drive in.
ReferencesEdit
- Jacob Poole (1867), William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, page 84
YorubaEdit
Etymology 1Edit
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
in
- him, her, it (third-person singular non-honorific object pronoun following a monosyllabic verb with a high-tone /ĩ/)
PronounEdit
ín
- him, her, it (third-person singular non-honorific object pronoun following a monosyllabic verb with a low- or mid-tone /ĩ/)
See alsoEdit
singular | plural or honorific | |
---|---|---|
1st person | mi | wa |
2nd person | ọ / ẹ | yín |
3rd person | [preceding vowel repeated for monosyllabic verbs] / ẹ̀ | wọn |
Etymology 2Edit
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
ìn
ZouEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Kuki-Chin *ʔim, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kim (“house, womb”).
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
ín
Derived termsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- Lukram Himmat Singh (2013) A Descriptive Grammar of Zou, Canchipur: Manipur University, page 41
- Philip Thanglienmang (2014), “Zou Tonology”, in Indian Linguistics, volume 75, issue 1-2, →ISSN