indéin

Old Irish edit

Etymology edit

Stokes reconstructs Proto-Celtic *andebnis, from *ande- + the root of benaid (“to strike”).^[1] However, modern scholarship holds that benaid comes from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyh₂- (“to strike, hit”) and that the n is part of the present suffix, not part of the root. On the other hand, Stokes’ etymology of benaid lists Sanskrit हन्ति (hanti, “to strike, smite”) and Ancient Greek θείνω (theínō, “to strike, wound”) as cognates, meaning he associated it with Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰen- (“to strike, kill”) (the source of gonaid (“to wound”)).^[2] It is thus possible to reconstruct Proto-Celtic *andegʷnis as the source of this as well as the Brythonic cognates (Old Welsh ennian, Welsh einion; Old Cornish ennian, Cornish anwan; Middle Breton anneffn, Breton annev).

The form *andegʷnis is expected to give *indéoin, and that does appear as expected in Middle Irish inneóin and Modern Irish inneoin, suggesting that the spelling indéin (which occurs only once) may be a scribal error.

Alternatively, Pedersen reconstructs Proto-Indo-European *n̥dʰi-ponis^[3] (giving Proto-Celtic *andeɸonis in our notation), which would be cognate with Lithuanian pìnti (“to plait”), Old Church Slavonic пѧти (pęti, “to tie, fix”), Ancient Greek πένομαι (pénomai, “to toil, labor”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)penh₁- (“to twist, weave”). However, this connection is semantically less plausible than the connection with verbs meaning “strike, hit”.

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): [ˈin͈ʲdʲeːnʲ] (if it is not a scribal error)
IPA^(key): [ˈin͈ʲdʲeːu̯nʲ] (if it is a scribal error)

Noun edit

indéin f

anvil
- c. 845, St Gall Glosses on Priscian, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1975, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, pp. 49–224, Sg. 110^b1
  indéin glosses incus

Inflection edit

Inflected forms are not attested until Middle Irish.

Descendants edit

Middle Irish: indeóin, inneóin
- Irish: inneoin
- Manx: ingan
- Scottish Gaelic: innean

Mutation edit

Old Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
indéin	unchanged	n-indéin
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References edit

^ Stokes, Whitley, Bezzenberger, Adalbert (1894) Urkeltischer Sprachschatz (Wörterbuch der indogermanischen Sprachen; Zweiter Theil) (in German), Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, page 15
^ Stokes, Whitley, Bezzenberger, Adalbert (1894) Urkeltischer Sprachschatz (Wörterbuch der indogermanischen Sprachen; Zweiter Theil) (in German), Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, page 167
^ Pedersen, Holger (1909) Vergleichende Grammatik der keltischen Sprachen (in German), volume I, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, →ISBN, page 114