Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰeyh₂-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology 1

Root

*bʰeyh₂-^[1]

to shake, tremble
to fear, be afraid

Alternative reconstructions

*bʰey-^[2]

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰeyh₂- (fear)‎ (8 c, 0 e)

*bʰéyh₂-e-tor ~ *bʰéyh₂-o-ntor (mediopassive root present)^[1]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰáyHatay (see there for further descendants)
*bʰéyh₂-dʰe-ti (dʰe-present)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  - Latvian: baĩdît
  - Lithuanian: baidýti
  - Old Prussian: pobaiint
  - ⇒ Proto-Balto-Slavic: *baiˀsás (“demon, evil spirit”)
- Proto-Italic: *foiðō
  - ⇒ Proto-Italic: *foiðos
    - Latin: foedus (see there for further descendants)
*bʰéyh₂-t ~ *bʰih₂-ént (athematic root perfect)^[1]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰáyHt
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰáyHt
    - Sanskrit: भेम (bhema, 1pl.inj.act.)
*bʰí-bʰeyh₂-ti (i-reduplicated present)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *bajā́ˀtei (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰíbʰayHti
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bíbʰayHti
    - Sanskrit: बिभेति (bibheti)
*bʰi-bʰóyh₂-e ~ *bʰi-bʰih₂-ḗr (i-reduplicated stative)^[1]
- Proto-Germanic: *bibāną (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰibʰā́yHa (see there for further descendants)
*bʰih₂-mó-s
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰiHmás (see there for further descendants)
*bʰih₂-tó-s
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰiHtás (see there for further descendants)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*bʰei̯h₂-⁰”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 72
^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “bhōi- : bhəi- : bhī- (bhii̯ə-)”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 161-162

Etymology 2

Possibly connected with *bʰeyh₂- (“to shake; to fear”) above, as a semantic relationship between “shake” and “strike” is widely paralleled.

Root

*bʰeyh₂-^[1]

to strike, hit
to hew, cut

Alternative reconstructions

*bʰeyH-^[2]^[3]

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰeyh₂- (strike)‎ (12 c, 0 e)

*bʰéyh₂-ti ~ *bʰih₂-énti (athematic root present)^[4]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *bī́ˀtei (“to beat”)^[4] (see there for further descendants)
*bʰih₂-éh₁ye-ti (eh₁-stative)^[5]
- Proto-Germanic: *bijēną, *biēną (“to hit”)^[5]
  - Icelandic: bjá
*bʰi-né-h₂-ti (nasal-infix present)^[2]^[5]
- Proto-Celtic: *binati (“to strike, hit”)^[6] (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *finō^[7]
  - Latin: *perfinō (“I break”), perfinēs (2p.sing.pres.act.subj.)
*bʰih₂-tró-s^[5]^[8]
- Proto-Hellenic: *pʰītrós
  - Ancient Greek: φιτρός (phitrós, “trunk, log”)
*bʰih₂-tweh₂^[4]^[5]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *bī́ˀtwāˀ
  - Proto-Slavic: *bìtva (“a battle, fight”)^[4] (see there for further descendants)
*bʰoyh₂-ó-s^[4]^[5]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *baiˀjas
  - Proto-Slavic: *bojь (“a battle, fight”)^[4] (see there for further descendants)
*bʰoyh₂-nóm
- Proto-Germanic: *bainą (see there for further descendants)

References

^ Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q. (2006) “*bʰeihₐ- 'strike'”, in The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world, Oxford University Press
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*bʰei̯Η-⁰”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 72
^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “bhei(ə)-, bhī-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 117-118
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 ^4.4 ^4.5 Derksen, Rick (2008) “*bìti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 41: “*bʰiH-”
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 ^5.4 ^5.5 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*bi(j)ēn-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 64: “*bheiH- 'to hit'”
^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*bi-na-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 65: “*bʰeyH- 'strike'”
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “fīnis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 222: “*bhiH- 'to hit, strike'”
^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “φιτρός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1574: “*bʰiH- 'to strike, hew, cut'”

[LIV_bʰei̯h₂-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*bʰei̯h₂-⁰”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 72

[2] Pokorny, Julius (1959) “bhōi- : bhəi- : bhī- (bhii̯ə-)”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 161-162

[TOitPIEatPIEw-3] Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q. (2006) “*bʰeihₐ- 'strike'”, in The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world, Oxford University Press

[LIV_bʰei̯Η-4] 2.0 ^2.1 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*bʰei̯Η-⁰”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 72

[5] Pokorny, Julius (1959) “bhei(ə)-, bhī-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 117-118

[Derksen-6] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 ^4.4 ^4.5 Derksen, Rick (2008) “*bìti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 41: “*bʰiH-”

[EDPG-7] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 ^5.4 ^5.5 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*bi(j)ēn-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 64: “*bheiH- 'to hit'”

[EDPC-8] Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*bi-na-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 65: “*bʰeyH- 'strike'”

[EDL-9] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “fīnis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 222: “*bhiH- 'to hit, strike'”

[Beekes-10] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “φιτρός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1574: “*bʰiH- 'to strike, hew, cut'”

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