jꜥf

Egyptian

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /iɑːf/
  • Conventional anglicization: iaf

Verb

 3-lit.

1. (transitive) to wring out (wet clothes) [Middle and New Kingdoms]
2. (transitive) to press, to squeeze out (wine or grape juice) [Middle and New Kingdoms]

Inflection

Conjugation of jꜥf (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: jꜥf, geminated stem: jꜥff

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
jꜥf	jꜥfw, jꜥf	jꜥft	jꜥf	jꜥf

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
jꜥf	ḥr jꜥf	m jꜥf	r jꜥf

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	jꜥf.n	jꜥfw, jꜥf	consecutive	jꜥf.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	jꜥft
perfective3	jꜥf	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	jꜥf.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	jꜥf	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	jꜥf	jꜥff	potentialis1	jꜥf.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	jꜥf	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	jꜥf.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	jꜥf	active + .tj1, .tw2	jꜥf	jꜥf, jꜥfw5, jꜥfy5
imperfective	jꜥf, jꜥfy, jꜥfw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	jꜥf, jꜥfj6, jꜥfy6	jꜥf, jꜥfw5
prospective	jꜥf, jꜥftj7	—	jꜥftj4, jꜥft4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of jꜥf  

ꜥꜥf	ꜥꜥfw	ꜥꜥf
[Middle Kingdom]	[Medical papyri]	[New Kingdom]

Descendants

• Demotic: ꜥfy
  • Akhmimic Coptic: ⲱϥ (ōf)
  • Bohairic Coptic: ⲱϥⲓ (ōfi)
  • Sahidic Coptic: ⲱϥⲉ (ōfe), ⲱⲃⲉ (ōbe), ⲱϥ (ōf), ⲱⲃ (ōb)

References

• “jꜥf (lemma ID 21710)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎^[1], Corpus issue 18, Web app version 2.1.5, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–26 July 2023
• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[2], volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 41.3–41.4
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 11